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Bronchiectasis is characterized by a “vicious cycle” involving compromised host defense， mpaired clearance of airway mucus， bacterial colonization， infections， and inflammation， leading to frequent acute exacerbations and diminished quality of life. Based on the hypothesis of “vicious circle”， this paper explores the treatment of bronchiectasis by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） from three aspects. Firstly， dissipating excessive “phlegm” secretion and enhancing airway clearance form the foundation of the treatment， aiming to improve the condition of mucus hypersecretion. Secondly， invigorating spleen for strengthening vital energy can improve the function of immune system and reduce recurrent infections and acute attacks. Lastly， clearing heat and purging the lung can alleviate infection and inflammatory damage. By employing these methods， TCM can disrupt the progression of the “vicious circle”， delaying disease advancement， minimizing acute exacerbations， and improving the quality of life for patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of low-dose norepinephrine (NE) combined with goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.Methods Forty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,aged ≥ 18 yr,scheduled for elective intracranial tumor resection,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table method:GDFT group (group G) and low-dose NE combined with GDFT group (group N).Fluid was replaced according to stroke volume variation (SVV) under the guidance of Flotrac-Vigileo system in both groups.When SVV ≤13％,fluid was replaced at 1-2 ml · kg-1 · h-1.When SVV＞ 13％ for more than 5 min,fluid replacement was enhanced to reduce it below 13％.In group N,NE was infused continuously via the central vein at 0.01-0.03 μg· kg-1 · min-1 after anesthesia induction,and mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained ≥ 65 mmHg.After anesthesia induction (T1),when the dura of brain was opened (T2),at 1 h after opening the dura (T3) and at the end of surgery (T4),the heart rate and MAP were recorded,and blood samples were collected from the internal jugular venous bulb and radial artery for blood gas analysis.The fluid input and output were recorded.Arterial oxygen content,jugular bulb venous oxygen content,arteriovenous oxygen content difference,cerebral oxygen extraction rate,cerebral lactic acid production rate and ratio of cerebral blood flowto cerebral oxygen metabolic rate were calculated.Results Compared with group G,MAP at T4 and cerebral oxygen extraction rate at T3,4 were significantly increased,the total volume of fluid and volume of crystalloid solution were decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change wasfound in arterial oxygen content,jugular bulb venous oxygen content,arteriovenous oxygen content difference,ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral oxygen metabolic rate or cerebral lactic acid production rate in group N (P＞0.05).Conclusion Low-dose NE combined with GDFT can reduce the intraoperative volume of fluid infused and improve cerebral oxygen supply when applied to the patients undergoing intracranial tumor resection.
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Objective To investigate the effects of epidural anesthesia on blood glucose and hemodynamics in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery .Methods 108 cases undergoing laparoscopic gynecology surgery in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were randomized into the observation group and control group equally .The observation group was treated by epidural anesthesia for surgery , while the control group was trea-ted by general anesthesia .The hemodynamics and blood glucose in the two groups were compared before anesthesia , after pneumoperitoneum and surgery .The operative time , blood loss during operation , volume of fluid infusion and pneumoperitoneum time were recorded .Results The operative time , blood loss during operation , volume of fluid in-fusion and pneumoperitoneum time had no significant differences between the two groups (p>0.05).The heart rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at the time point of 5 min after pneumo-peritoneum.The blood pressure in the observation group was significantly lower than that before anesthesia at the time of 30 min after pneumoperitoneum , as well asafter operation .Theblood pressure after pneumoperitoneum in the control group was significantly higher than that before anesthesia , with DBP after operation higher than that before anesthesia (p<0.05).Postoperative blood glucose in the control group was significantly higher than that before anesthesia (p<0.05).Both systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in the observation group after pneumoperitoneum and operationwere significantly lower than thosein the control group (p <0.05).Conclusion Epidural anesthesia is more ideal to reduce stressresponse ,control blood pressure , and maintainnormal blood sugar levels .
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Objective To investigate whether polymorphism of 102 T/C in 5-HTR2A (serotonin receptor 2A) are associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) in Chinese Han population or none.Methods A total of 101 TS patients and their parents were recruited for the study.The genetic contributions of the 5-HTR-2A 102 T/C polymorphism in 5HTR2A were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion (PCRRFLP) and haplotype relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) statistics.Results The results revealed no significant associations between the 5-HTR-2A 102 T/C polymorphism and TS (HTR-2A 102T/C,TDT =0.353,df=1,P =0.621 ;HRR =1.127,x2 =0.358,P =0.550,95％ CI:0.762-1.666).Conclusion The data suggest that the HTR-2A 102 T/C polymorphism may not be associated with susceptibility to TS in the Chinese Han population.However,these results need to be replicated using larger datasets collected from different populations.
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To analyze clinical, neuro-electrophysiologocal, imaging and pathological characteristics of Hirayama disease (HD) and review its relevant literatures to improve its diagnosis. Clinical data of two HD cases admitted to Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou during 2005 to 2008 were analyzed with literatures review. HD occurred more in males, often onset at their adolescence with muscular weakness and atrophy in one or two upper limbs, but without sensory dysfunction or pyramidal signs. Neuro-electrophysiology showed neurogenic abnormality in the body areas dominated by the 4th cervical vertebra to the 1 st thoracic vertebral (C4-T1) spinal nerves in all the patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed slight atrophy of the lower cervical spinal cord at routine position and its compression and forward displacement to varied extent at flexion position, with posterior epidural capsular space widening, crescent or striped high signal, and voids of vessels in some patients. Enhancement magnetic resonance scanning showed crescent sign enhanced in some patients. Biopsies of the inflicted muscles appeared slight neurogenic abnormality in some cases, and normal in other cases. HD is rarely seen clinically, but it can usually be diagnosed according to its symptoms, neuro-electrophysiology and MRI.
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Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on hepatocytes early growth response factor 1 ( EGR-1 ) in a rat liver autotransplantation. Methods The rat portal vein perfusion model was established for donor liver autotransplantation. Rats were then divided into group A:hypoxic preconditioning was done before transplantation; group B: rats undergoing liver transplantation without preconditioning; group C: Normal control group of rats. Liver histopathological changes, the mRNA expression of HIF-1, TNF-1 and the WB results of EGR-1 were compared between groups. Results The expression of HIF-1 α RNA determined in group A was more obvious than in group B and group C. Six hours after surgery, the expression in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (t =9. 601, df= 10, 2-tailed Sig = 0. 000, P<0. 05 ) ; Egr-1 protein expression in group A and group B increased after surgery,with that in group A being significantly lower than that in group B. The RT-PCR expression of TNF-α RNA in group B compared with group A and group C was more obvious. Six hours after operation, the expression of TNF in group B was significantly higher than that in group A ( t = -12. 067, df = 10, 2-tailed Sig =0. 000, P<0. 05 ). The expression of Egr-1 was positively correlated with that of TNF. A liver cell pathology showed less severe injury in structure of hepatic lobule, mild swelling of liver cells, no significant changes in liver tissue. Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning adaptation in rat liver transplantation generates modest increase in EGR-1, and reduces the production of TNF and other inflammatory factors.
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Objective To explore the preventive effect of Weikang granule on gastric ulcer and gastric mucosa damage in rats and its mechanism. Methods Gastric ulcer model was made by stress and pylorus ligature, gastric mucosa damage was made by feeding alcohol to rats. The effect of three different dosage on the rat model were observed. Results In the three treatment groups, there is noticeable resistant effect to the formation of stress and pylorus ligature gastric ulcer of rats. Weikang granule could protect the gastric mucosa from injury caused by alcohol, increase blood flow and content of PGE2. Conclusion It may be the potential mechanism that the prescription can improve the blood circulation of the gastric wall and increase content of PGE2.
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Objective To evaluate the refinement process for extracting Herba Artemisiae Scopariae(HAS) with macroporous resin.Methods With reservation rate of main peak in the fingerprint as the index,the refinement process for extract of HAS was evaluated.The safety of oral administration of HAS extract before and after refinement process was evaluated by detecting serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),observing the hepatic histopathological changes in mice model of CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury,and by mice acute toxicity experiment.Results The fingerprint of HAS extract before and after treatment was similar,the difference of their hepatoprotective effect was insignificant,and there was no obvious acute toxic reaction of HAS extract before and after refinement.Conclusion This experiment verified the rationality of the refinement process for extracting Herba Artemisiae Scopariae with macroporous resin by the method of pharmacodynamics combining with HPLC fingerprint.
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Objective To compare the effects of two crushing methods on dissolution rate and decocting rate of water-soluble protein in Plastrum Testudinis.Methods The dissolution rate of water-soluble protein was compared in Plastrum Testudinis processed by the traditional crushing method(passing 100-eyes screen,fine powder)and ultra-fine crushing method(passing 300-eye screen,ultra-fine powder);besides,orthogonal design was applied to study the process technical condition of decocting rate in Plastrum Testudinis.Results Water-soluble protein in fine powder of Plastrum Testudinis was hardly detected while the dissolution rate of water-soluble protein in ultra-fine powder was 51.2 %in 20 minutes and up to 70.5 %at 2 hours.Three influencing factors of fineness,decocting frequencies and decocting time were measured with orthogonal test.The results of variance analysis showed that fineness significantly influenced the decocting rate(P .05).Conclusion The ultra-fine powder technique is propitious to the increase of dissolution rate and decocting rate of water-soluble protein in Plastrum Testudinis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli (HJ) on guinea pigs trachea in vitro and its therapeutic mechanism. Methods The actions of HJ on the contraction of normal trachea and on the spasm of spasmodic tracheas caused by acetylcholine (Ach) and histamine phosphate (HIS), as well as the actions on intracellular Ca2+ - dependent contraction and extracellular Ca2+ - dependent contraction induced by HIS were observed. Results HJ could inhibit the guinea pigs trachea contraction , antagonize the contraction of trachea spasm induced by Ach and HIS , restrain the extracellular Ca2+ - dependent contraction induced by HIS in a dose- dependent manner. Conclusion HJ has an antiasthma effect.
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Objective:To observe the diuretic action of Liniao Capsules (LC). Methods: The urinary effects of LC were studied in the loading rats with water.Results: LC could significantly increase the urinary output, shorten the latent period of emiction, and reduce the contents of TP in urine and BUN in blood serum. Conclusion: LC exerted the significant diuretic effect in rats.
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Objective To study the quantitative electromyography in patients with ALS of different stages and determine the sensitive parameters for early diagnosis.Methods Quantitative electromyography was performed in 371 muscles of 60 ALS patients and 275 control muscles. MUPs parameters, the presence of spontaneous activity and the recruitment order were measured. The electromyographic data were analyzed respectively and compared with the values obtained in the control group; Results There were obviously different electromyographic patterns in each stage. Six electrophysiological stages N_0-N_5 could be discerned from the early to the most advanced phase; Compared with those of the control group, the amplitude, area, duration, SI and polyphasia of MUPs all increased significantly in N_2 ( P