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Objective@#To investigate vitamin D levels among primary and middle school students in Xicheng District, Beijing Municipality, and to examine the association of vitamin D levels with hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin (SF) levels, so as to provide insights into the prevention of anemia among primary and middle school students. @*Methods@#The first, third and fifth grade primary school students and the first grade junior high school students were sampled from Xicheng District in 2019, using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method, and students' gender, age, height, weight and Hb levels were collected. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-( OH )D] was measured using electrochemiluminescence assay, and SF was detected using immunoturbidimetry. The vitamin D deficiency was determined according to the American College of Endocrinology guidelines. The associations of 25-( OH) D levels with Hb and SF levels were examined using Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis. @*Results@#Totally 403 primary and junior high school students were investigated, including 196 boys ( 48.64% ) and 207 girls ( 51.36% ). There were 179, 114 and 110 students at ages of 6 to 8 years ( 44.41% ), 9 to 11 years ( 28.29% ) and 12 to 13 years ( 27.30% ), respectively. The mean 25-( OH )D level was ( 14.80±5.96 ) ng/mL among the study students, and there were 90 students ( 22.33% ) with severe vitamin D deficiency, 243 students ( 60.30% ) with vitamin D deficiency, 63 students ( 15.63% ) with vitamin D inadequacy and 7 students ( 1.74% ) with vitamin D sufficiency. The mean Hb level was ( 136.28±8.33 ) g/L and the median SF level (interquartile range) was 56.80 (14.36) ng/mL among the study students, respectively. The 25-( OH )D level positively correlated with Hb ( r=0.364, P<0.001 ) and SF levels ( rs=0.374, P<0.001 ), and after adjustment for age and body mass index, the 25-( OH )D still correlated positively with Hb ( r=0.157, P=0.048 ) and SF levels ( rs=0.174, P=0.022 ) .@*Conclusions@#Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among primary and middle school students in Xicheng District, and the 25-(OH)-D levels correlate positively with Hb and SF levels. 25-( OH )-D deficiency may contribute to the development of anemia.
Subject(s)
Vitamin D , HemoglobinsABSTRACT
@#Objective To investigate the rehabilitation needs and technical support for people with disabilities in rural areas. Methods From October, 2017 to February, 2018, 800 persons with disabilities, aged five to 80 years, from 23 villages in five township, Xi'an, Shaanxi, were surveyed with self-designed questionnaire and interview, including the basic situation, disability and training plan, rehabilitation support and skills maintained. Results The persons were mainly aged 50 to 80 years (58.37%), male (65.37%), accepting middle school education or less (46.63%), married (70.63%), living with their family (77.38%), income less than 2000 Yuan (66%), mainly from their family labor (62.62%). Their disabilities were mainly of grade 3 (40.63%), from hemiplegia (30.63%), dependence in living (45.38%), and no systematic rehabilitation program (55.25%). Most of them needed rehabilitation of self-care (40%), accessible guidance (30.63%) and reimbursement from medicare of Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (50.63%), and hoped to participate social activities (41.87%). The rehabilitation supports were as that: the rehabilitation services were mobile or none (67.58%), the guiders of rehabilitation were few or none (48.88%), knew some or less rehabilitation knowledge (64.25%), the professionals accepted no continue education training (40%).Conclusion It is important to improve the rehabilitation technical support system for rural people with disabilities.
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Objective To investigate the surgical approaches indication, technique and efficacy for treatment of intracranial arachnoid cysts (IAC). Methods The clinical data of 56 patients with IAC who were diagnosed with MRI and/or CT techniques were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical approaches adopted, these cases were classified into 4 groups, group A with expectant treatment (12 cases), group B with endoscopic cystocisternal fenestration (15 cases), group C with cystoperitoneal shunting (21 cases), and group D with surgical cyst removal (8 cases). The outcomes of the patients were compared. Results The patients were followed up for 3 months to 46 months (mean 15 months). The rate of symptomatic improvement in group B was 14/15, in group C was 95.24%(20/21) and in group D was 5/8, and there was significant difference ( χ2=8.335, P<0.05). The rate of radiographic improvement in group B was 14/15, in group C was 90.48%(19/21) and in group D was 5/8, and there was significant difference (χ2=8.235, P<0.05). The rate of complication in group B was 1/15, in group C was 14.29%(3/21), and in group D was 5/8, and there was significant difference ( χ2=8.256, P<0.05) Conclusions In terms of therapeutic effect, surgical safety and minimal invasiveness, cystoperitoneal shunting and endoscopic cystocisternal fenestration should be the primary choice .
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Purpose To prepare the tranexamic acid liposome with high encapsulation efficiency and stability, through interaction of avidin and biotin, and to prepare its microbubble-liposome compound whose properties are to be assessed. Materials and Methods Thin film hydration technology was used to prepare tranexamic acid liposome. Taking encapsulation efficiency as indication, the microbubble-liposome compound was optimized by the design of orthogonal experiment. The basic properties of the compound were tested and the acoustic characteristic was measured by ultrasound and gray-scale values. Results The optimum formula of tranexamic acid liposome were as follows:molar ratio of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[biotinyl (polyethylene glycol) 2000] was 85∶10∶5;concentration of tranexamic acid was 5.0%;ultrasonic time was 15 min. The encapsulation efficiency was 62.62%. The size was approximately (104.00±1.84) nm. The Zeta potential was approximately (-50.50±0.56) mV. The liposome was good in stability. The size of the microbubble-liposome compound was approximately (4.56±0.28)μm. Under the microscope, they were round with transparent center, evenly distributed without aggregation. The acoustic characteristic of the compound in vitro showed typical characteristics of microbubble, which was compatible with the results under the microscope. As the concentrations of the compound increased, both ultrasound imaging effect and the gray-scale values enhanced. However, to avoid acoustic shadows, the imaging concentrations were supposed to be at least lower than 1.15×108/ml in vitro. Conclusion The preparation of the tranexamic acid microbubble-liposome compound can be optimized by taking encapsulation efficiency as reference, and it can be effectively traced by ultrasound according to its acoustic characteristics in vitro.
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Purpose To investigate the value of real-time three-dimensional contrast-enhanced ultrasound (RT3D-CEUS) for the evaluation of blunt renal trauma hemorrhage. Materials and Methods Nine healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, and after heparinization, the models of ongoing hemorrhage of blunt renal trauma were developed by self-made minitype striker in the three groups with different force levels:77.2 N (group A), 106.2 N (group B), 135.1 N (group C). All rabbits were performed ultrasonography (US), color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and RT3D-CEUS before and after strike (within 20 minutes). The results achieved by US, CDFI, 2D-CEUS (A-plane results in RT3D-CEUS) and RT3D-CEUS were compared with each other, and further compared with the pathological results of the executed animals after blood pressure decreased lower than 40 mmHg. Results All rabbits showed traumatic renal lesions and it proved that the bigger the force the heavier the injury (group A: 1 case of levelⅠ, 2 cases of levelⅡ;group B:3 cases of levelⅢ;group C:1 case of levelⅢ, 2 cases of level Ⅳ ). After strike, US identified the presence of increasing hematoma under the capsule but could not detect active bleeding. In CDFI, only 1 case was detected ongoing hemorrhage. 2D-CEUS clearly presented the bleeding in all cases. RT3D-CEUS presented a vivid real-time and stereoscopical image of active hemorrhage in all cases and also showed that the wider the bleeding area was shorter than the shock duration time. Conclusion RT3D-CEUS can present a real-time dynamic bleeding and locate headstream of blood in renal trauma vividly and stereoscopically, and can be used to preliminarily evaluate the degree of ongoing hemorrhage in traumatic kidney.