ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of raw and wine-processed Schisandra chinensis on neuro-immune-endocrine network in insomnia mice and its mechanism. METHODS Fifty mice were randomly divided into blank group， model group， diazepam group， raw S. chinensis group and wine-processed S. chinensis group， with 10 mice in each group. Except for blank group， the mice in the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with thyroxine solution to establish mice model of insomnia； at the end of each day’s modeling， the corresponding doses of diazepam，raw and wine-processed S. chinensis were given by gavage. The blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline. The general state of the mice was observed and recorded， and the total activity distance and upright times of the mice were detected； the EEG and EMG signals of mice were recorded， and the time ratio of sleep wake time （wake）， non-rapid eye movement （NREM） and rapid eye movement （REM） was analyzed； the contents of neurotransmitters [γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， dopamine （DA）， norepinephrine （NE）， cortisol （CORT）] in brain suprachiasmatic nucleus （SCN） were detected； and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and interleukin 1β （IL-1β） were detected； the mRNA expressions of clock gene Bmal1， circadian clock gene Clock and cycle gene Per2 were all detected. RESULTS Compared with the blank group， the mental state of the model group mice was relatively depressed， the amount of food and water increased， the body mass decreased， the hair was rough and shiny， and the circadian rhythm was irregular； the total activity distance and upright times decreased significantly； the time ratio of wake increased significantly， while the time ratios of REM and NREM decreased significantly； the content of 5- HT in brain SCN decreased significantly， while the content of NE， DA and CORT increased significantly； the fluorescence intensity of IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly increased； the relative expression level of Bmal1 and Clock mRNA was significantly increased， while the relative expression level of Per2 mRNA was significantly decreased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， the general state of mice in diazepam group， raw S. chinensis group and wine-processed S. chinensis group was improved obviously， and most of the above index levels were significantly reversed （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Raw and wine-processed S. chinensis have a certain therapeutic effect on insomnia mice， the mechanism of which may be related to the regulation of neuro-endocrine-immune system related biological indicators in insomnia mice.
ABSTRACT
Based on the relevant guidelines published by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic China, this article summarizes the process of conducting a comprehensive radiological emergency exercise by reviewing the achievements and experience of radiological emergency exercises in various provinces of China since 2014. In addition, based on the actual combat requirements of the exercises, this article details the technical requirements and standard methods of exercise planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation, so as to provide a reference for conducting radiological emergency exercises.
ABSTRACT
Realtime xCELLigence analysis (RTCA) is a new cell detection technology to continuously monitor, record and analyze a variety of information generated by cell activity. In drug research, it plays an important role in assessing myocardial toxicity and cell biological activity. Here, we first introduce the underlying mechanisms and characteristics of RTCA. Then we review the applications of RTCA in the research of myocardial toxicity and cell biological activity, to provides the fundamental baseline for understanding and exploiting RTCA. With the real-time, unlabeled, non-invasive, high throughput, and high accuracy features, RTCA not only promotes drug research and development, but also has a broad and good application prospect in other fields.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Objective:To compare the patient-centered doctor-patient communication skills in anesthesiologists with different working experience and genders.Methods:The second and third year residents who had been trained as residents in the Department of Anesthesiology in our hospital from September 2017 and September 2018 and senior physicians who had worked for 10-15 yr in our hospital, were recruited to perform a preoperative interview in a standardized patient counter.Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) measure was used to assess the communication skills among senior physicians, residents, and anesthesiologists of different genders.The residents also took the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) and theory examination.Results:Thirty-six residents and 20 senior physicians were included.There was no significant difference in the CARE measure score between residents and senior physicians and in the total CARE measure score between residents who received doctor-patient communication training at the stage of medical students and those who did not ( P>0.05). Compared with the residents in the second year, the listening ability score and decision-making ability score were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the scores for the other items in the residents in the third year ( P>0.05). Compared with residents, the listening ability scores were significantly increased, and the caring ability scores were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the scores for the other items in senior physicians ( P>0.05). There was no difference in CARE measure scores between the male and female anesthesiologists.The resident′s CARE measure score was positively correlated with the annual OSCE score ( r=0.486, P<0.05), and there was no correlation between the resident′s CARE measure score and annual theoretical examination grade ( r=0.308, P>0.05). Conclusion:Senior anesthesiologists with more clinical experience are not superior to the junior residents in patient-centered communication skills, and the doctor-patient communication skills of residents are not related to their medical theoretical grade.Moreover, there is no significant difference between male and female anesthesiologists in terms of doctor-patient communication skills before surgery.Therefore, training of patient-centered doctor-patient communication skills should be strengthened at all levels of anesthesiologists.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the clinical effects of a single stage reconstruction and revascularization using a free Flow-through chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap in Gustillo III C limb injuries.Methods:From January, 2010 to December, 2017, 17 patients with Gustillo III C injury of extremities were repaired with Flow-through chimeric ALTP in emergency surgeries. The patients were 16 males and 1 female with mean age of 32.4 (19-55) years. The size of wounds ranged from 16 cm×8 cm-45 cm×30 cm. The injured arteries were Flow-through anastomosed with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery to regain blood flow. The deep dead space was filled with vastus lateralis flap, and the skin flap and fascia flap were used for superficial covering. The donor site was closed directly in 6 patients, simultaneous skin grafts were applied in 11 patients.Results:The followed-up time ranged 5 to 60 (average 21.8) months, and conducted by clinic visits and by telephone or WeChat interviews. Fifteen flaps survived, and 2 flaps failed with limb amputated. Six patients were repaired with skin and fascia flaps and 11 patients received flaps comprising the skin, fascia and vastus lateralis muscle. Four flaps healed in stage I. Partial necrosis were observed in 11 flaps. Of which, 1 healed by change of dressing and 10 healed by skin grafting. No complications occurred in donor site in all patients.Conclusion:The Flow-through chimeric ALTP flap can be used in stage I reconstruction of the blood supply of limbs and meanwhile achieve the 3-D repair of defects. It is one of the reliable methods in the reconstruction of Gustillo III C injuries in the extremities.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the basic knowledge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among physicians in primary hospitals (county and township hospitals) in Shanxi province.Methods:A electronic questionnaire survey that included questions on basic knowledge, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of COPD was conducted. The questionnaire was distributed through Wechat communication by convenient sampling among physicians and respiratory specialists in primary hospitals in Shanxi province.Results:A total of 1 162 questionnaires were collected, among which 1 100 were valid (882 from county hospitals and 218 from township hospitals). The results showed that 768 (69.8%) considered that smoking and biomass fuel exposure were the main risk factors of COPD, while 639 (58.1%) thought that COPD patients needed to quit smoking. Only 334 respondents (30.4%) indicated that their COPD knowledge was derived from guidelines; 764 respondents (69.5%) considered pulmonary function tests as the gold standard for diagnosing COPD, but only 407 (37.0%) provided correct answers for the specific criteria of pulmonary function, and only 98 respondents (8.9%) correctly identified the diagnostic criteria for severe COPD. In comparison with the county hospital group, fewer doctors in the township hospitals received their COPD knowledge from guidelines [23.9%(52/218) vs.32.0%(282/882), χ 2=5.450, P<0.05]; more doctors in the township hospitals experienced difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of COPD, including inadequate spirometers in their hospitals [59.6%(130/218) vs. 45.2% (399/882), χ 2=14.509, P<0.01] and significantly inadequate COPD medications [42.7%(93/218) vs.34.2%(302/882), χ 2=5.385, P<0.05]. Significantly lower proportions of general physicians performed pulmonary function tests for COPD patients (χ 2=12.638, P<0.01) and provided correct answers for the diagnostic criteria for severe COPD [6.6%(46/692) vs. 12.7%(52/408), χ 2=11.760, P<0.01] in comparison with respiratory specialists. Conclusions:Doctors in primary hospitals in Shanxi have an inadequate knowledge of COPD. Strengthening COPD-related education and promoting the use of guidelines among doctors remain important issues for successful management of COPD.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of high-dose caspofungin (70 mg/d)as initial or salvage treatment for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.Methods Twenty-one patients with proven or probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis from June 2014 to October 2017 in Huashan Hospital,Fudan University were retrospectively reviewed.According to the anti-fungal treatment before high-dose caspofungin application,patients were divided into initial treatment group and salvage treatment group.Patients' clinical data and laboratory data were collected.The characteristics,clinical efficacy,adverse reactions,one-year survival rate and the overall effective rate were evaluated.The prognosis of the two groups was compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results Twenty of the 21 patients opportunistic acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during the treatment of underlying diseases.Five patients were initially treated with high-dose caspofungin for 68 (62) days.At week 12,one patient achieved complete response,3 patients achieved partial response,and the overall effective rate was 80％ (4/5).Sixteen patients received caspofungin as salvage therapy for 66.50 (58) days,of which one patient got complete response at week 12,10 had partial response,and the overall effective rate was 68.75％ (11/16).One-year follow-up showed that no patient died in the initial treatment group,and the one-year survival rate was 100％ (5/5).In salvage treatment group,3 patients died of pulmonary bacterial infections and the one-year survival rate was 81.25％ (13/16).During treatment,one patient had elevated total bilirubin,which was possibly associated with high-dose caspofungin.Conclusions High-dose caspofungin regimen has good efficacy and safety,both for initial treatment and salvage therapy in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship and its mechanism of emphysema induced by different ways of rearing and tobacco smoke exposure with the atherosclerosis formation. Methods Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n= 8 ,each):a normal diet + tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) group ,a fat-rich diet + TSE group ,a limit intake + TSE group ,a normal diet group ,a fat-rich diet group ,and a limit intake group for 24 weeks. Lee's index ,serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ,interleukin-6 (IL-6 ) ,adiponectin (APN ) levels ,mean linear intercept (MLI) ,mean alveoli number (MAN) ,the aortic pathology change ,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of aorta ,and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) level were collected. Results Tobacco smoke exposure ,fat-rich diet ,and limit intake increased the severity of emphysema. The microscopic features of aorta showed an early atherosclerosis in the tobacco smoke exposure groups , but no atherosclerosis in the non-smoking groups. Interactions between tobacco smoke exposure and different ways of rearing on serum APN level (F= 10.68 ,P< 0.05) were found.In the tobacco smoke exposure groups ,Pearson correlation analysis showed positive correlations of aortic VEGF and BMP-2 levels with MLI ,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels (r= 0.431 ,0.471 ,0 ,448 ,0.449 ,0.428 , 0.447 ,all P<0.05) ,and an negative correlation with MAN (r= -0.411 ,-0.442 ,P<0.05). Conclusions Both tobacco smoke exposure and different ways of rearing can influence the formation of emphysema. There is a positive correlation between the severities of emphysema and atherosclerosis , and systemic inflammation may be involved.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of supplemental Revolvin D1 (RvD1) on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice.Methods 35 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group (NC group) and high glucose and high fat diet group.After 8 weeks,mice in high glucose and high fat diet group were given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) 100 mg/ kg.Then they were randomly divided into two groups:Type 2 diabetes group (T2DM group) and type 2 diabetes + RvD1 intervention group (T2DM + RvD1 group).Mice in T2DM group mice were injected with phosphate buffer saline 0.2 ml and T2DM + RvD1 group mice were injected with Revolvin D1 100 ng/day respectively.The levels of fasting blood glucose,serum insulin and inflammatory factors were detected.The mRNA expression level of TLR4 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method,and the expression of TLR4 protein was detected by Western blot.Results The levels of insulin resistance index,interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in T2DM group and T2DM + RvD1 group increased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the T2DM group,the levels of insulin resistance index,IL-6 and TNF-α in T2DM + RvD1 group decreased (P ＜0.05).The expression of TLR4 protein in T2DM group and T2DM + RvD1 group was higher than that in NC group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of TLR4 protein in T2DM + RvD1 group,was lower than that in T2DM group (P ＜0.05).The mRNA level of TLR4 in mice was consistent with the above results by RT-qPCR.Conclusions Moderate supplementation of RvD1 can not only decrease the level of inflammatory factors in type 2 diabetic mice,but also reduce the expression of TLR4 and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate whether celastrol can increase the cytotoxic activity of γδ T cells against osteosarcoma (OS) cells line HOS through TRAIL way. Methods:The death receptors 4/5 (DR4/5) protein levels in the OS cell lines HOS was in-vestigated by Western blot analysis. Zoledronate ( ZOL) was used to induceγδT cells from PBMCs of healthy volunteers.γδT cell cy-totoxicity against HOS cells was investigated by a standard lactate dehydrogenase release assay ( LDH ) . Results:Celastrol increased DR4/5 protein expression in HOS ( P<0. 05 ) .γδ T cells from PBMCs of healthy volunteers showed cytotoxicity against HOS ( P<0. 05). Following co-culture with HOS pre-treated with celastrol (1 μmol/L) for 24 h,γδ T cells showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against HOS (P<0. 05). The induction of DR4/5 molecules increased lysis of HOS by γδ T cells which was abolished by addition of a blocking TRAIL antibody. Conclusion:Celastrol can enhance γδ T cells'cytotoxic activity against OS cells line HOS through TRAIL way.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To discuss the autoimmune response on the mechanism and clinical significance of nerve root injury induced by the non-compressive nucleus pulposus protrusion.Methods:Forty-eight female SD rats were randomly divided.Twenty-four female SD rats were recruited as model group,and the others as control.After ten days,twenty days and forty days,the pain threshold of left hind leg and the levels of TNF-α, CD4+, CD8+T cells were measured, the nerve root changes in morphology were observed by HE.Results:Compared with the control group,model group in ten days,twenty days,which left hind leg pain threshold,the proportion of CD4,CD8+T cell and the expression of TNF-αare significantly different.After forty days,these two groups have no statistical differ-ence.After ten days,lumbar nerve root cross-sectional myelin of model group was partial disintegrated.The worst damage happened in twenty days,and almost recovered to normal in forty days.Conclusion:T cell-mediated autoimmunity and TNF-αplay an important role to the nerve root injury in the early time of the non-compressive nucleus pulposus protrusion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the cytotoxic activities of γδT cells against methotrexate (MTX)-resistant osteosarcoma (OS) cells.Methods The MTX-resistant U2OS cell line (U2OS/MTX) was established by in vitro exposing the parental cells to MTX at stepwise-increasing concentrations.Periph-eral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMCs) were isolated from healthy subjects and stimulated with zoledronate ( ZOL) in combination with IL-2 to induce the proliferation ofγδT cells.The cytotoxicity ofγδT cells against U2OS/MTX cells was analyzed by using a standard lactate dehydrogenase release assay (LDH).Flow cy-tometry analysis and ELISA were performed to detect the expression of CD69 and IFN-γby γδT cells, re-spectively.Results The γδT cells derived from healthy subjects showed cytotoxicity against the U2OS/MTX cells.Moreover, stronger cytotoxic activities of γδT cells were detected after pretreatment of U2OS/MTX cells with ZOL (1 μmol/L) for 24 hours (P<0.01).Stimulation with U2OS or U2OS/MTX cells in-creased the expression of CD69 onγδT cells and enhanced the secretion of IFN-γbyγδT cells (P<0.05). Increased expression of CD69 and enhanced secretion of IFN-γwere induced in γδT cells in response to stimulation with ZOL-pretreated U2OS/MTX cells (P<0.01).Conclusion TheγδT cells showed cytotox-icity against U2OS/MTX cells.Pretreatment of U2OS/MTX cells with ZOL could enhance the cytotoxic ac-tivity of γδT cells.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:There are less studies on static magnetic field, and its biological effects are stil unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the static magnetic field effect on the secretion of nerve growth factor from Schwann cel s. METHODS:Schwann cel s were randomly assigned into three groups:0.05 mT sciatic magnetic field group, 0.1 mT sciatic magnetic field group and control group. At 2 days of inoculation, the cel s were exposed to the sciatic magnetic field, 12 hours per day. Cel s in the control group were not exposed to the sciatic magnetic field. After 6 days of exposure, RT-PCR method was used to detect nerve growth factor mRNA expression in Schwann cel s, and ELISA was adopted to detect the level of nerve growth factor secreted from Schwann cel s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mRNA expression and secreted level of nerve growth factors in the culture supernatant were significantly higher in the two sciatic magnetic field groups than the control group (P0.05). These findings indicate that the static magnetic field with certain intensity can promote the secretion of nerve growth factors from Schwann cel s.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship of carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) and blood pressure variation in patients with prehypertension. Methods Three hundred and ninety-two patients were selected as our subjects. Artery IMT was measured by Doppler ultrasonography. All patients were divided into carotid artery IMT group( n = 204 ),not carotid artery IMT group( n = 188 ) based on carotid IMT. Meanwhile,all patients were monitored by ambulatory blood pressure. Results (1)The indices of 24 h mean systolic blood pressure,systolic blood pressure variability and diastolic blood pressure variability in patients of carotid artery IMT group were(136. 85 ± 9. 67)mmHg,(4. 13 ± 0. 67)% ,(2. 97 ± 0. 45)% respectively, higher than those of Not carotid artery IMT group((121. 92 ± 6. 54)mmHg,(2. 64 ± 0. 86)% ,(2. 06 ± 0. 36)% ;t = 21. 08,5. 97,3. 32;P < 0. 05).(2)The rate of the carotid artery thickness increased with systolic blood pressure variability increasing( P = 0. 001). There were no significant correlations between rate of the carotid artery thickness and diastolic blood pressure variability,24 h mean diastolic blood pressure(P = 0. 435, 0. 126). The IMT thickening rate was higher when the average systolic blood pressure was greater(P = 0. 013). (3)Regression analysis indicated that carotid artery IMT was positively related with systolic blood pressure variability,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,24 h mean systolic blood pressure,2-hour postprandial blood glouse. Conclusion Carotid artery IMT is independently associated with variation of blood pressure,especially with systolic blood pressure variability in prehypertension patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effect of typeⅠIFN on the cytotoxic activity ofγδT cells from peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells ( PBMCs) of healthy donors and osteosarcoma patients stimulated by zoledronate ( Zol) and IL-2 against OS.Methods:PBMCs from healthy donors and osteosarcoma patients were stimulated with Zol+IL-2 or Zol+IL-2+typeⅠIFN,respectively.After 14 days of culture,ex vivo expandedγδT cells were assessed by flow cytometry.γδT cell cytotoxicity against target cells was analyzed using a standard lactate dehydrogenase release assay.IFN-γsecreted fromγδT cells was determined by ELISA kits.Results:γδT cells from PBMCs of healthy donors and patients with OS were selectively expanded by Zol+IL-2 or Zol+IL-2+typeⅠIFN in vitro,respectively, and showed cytotoxicity against OS.In addition,γδT cells pre-treated by TypeⅠIFN showed significantly higher cytotoxicity against OS cells.Conclusion:Type I IFN can enhance humanγδT cells’ cytotoxic activity against OS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms of Dectin-2 and pulmonary cryptococcosis.Methods A total of 134 non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and 464 healthy controls were included in this case control study.The peripheral leucocyte DNA was extracted and genotyping was performed by multiplex SNaPshot technology.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of rs11045418 located at 5′-flanking locus of Dectin-2 gene was genotyped.Patients without predisposing conditions were compared independently.The differences of gene polymorphism distributions compared between pulmonary patients and healthy control, and between patients without predisposing conditions and healthy control.All data were analyzed withχ2 tests.Results Among the total 134 patients,82 patients had no predisposing factors.Thirty two patients met the proven diagnosis criteria and 102 patients were probable pulmonary cryptococcosis.According to the site of infection, 72 patients had local infection in lungs and 62 patients had disseminated cryptococcosis.Three samples failed in genotyping,one of which was a patient without predisposing factor.Compared with the control group,there was a trend of increasing proportion of heterozygote rs11045418 CT in the 131 pulmonary cryptococcosis patients (59% vs 50%,P =0.069,OR=1.44,95%CI :0.97-2.13),and the heterozygote was significantly increased in 81 patients without predisposing conditions(64% vs 50%,P =0.017,OR= 1 .82,95 %CI :1 .11 -2.95 ).No significant difference of genotype distribution was found between the local and disseminated infection patients.Conclusion Our study shows that rs11045418 CT heterozygote in Dectin-2 is associated with the susceptibility of pulmonary cyrptococcosis among non-HIV-infected Chinese patients,which indicated that the change of Dectin-2 receptor may play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary cyrptococcosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss parallel fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap apply in heel defect reconstruction Methods From February,2006 to December,2011,parallel fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap were used to repair calcaneus and skin defects in 4 cases.The causes included road accident in 2 cases and strangulation in 2 cases.The defect locations were at the back of the calcaneus (1/2 of calcaneus in 2 cases and 2/3 in 2 cases,respectively).Results Followed up 24-72 months,all cases achieved bone union in allograft and had no complications of absorption,infection and repulsion.The flaps survived completely in 4 cases ; the distal flaps necrosed partly in 1 case and healed by dressing.According to USA foot-malleolus scores of AOFAS,1 case was excellent,2 good,and 1 fair.Conclusion Parallel fibular osteoseptocutaneous flap reconstruction heel defect can recover patients visage and heel function,improve their life quality.
ABSTRACT
The clinical characteristics of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) were summarized to improve the understanding of disease and reduce its misdiagnostic rate.Report clinical data,treatment and follow-up of one confirmed case and review the domestic reports of CSS before 2013.Among 94 reported cases,most had initial respiratory symptoms and increased eosinophil was found in peripheral blood of 95.74％ patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the sedative effect of dexmedetomidine in senile cataract surgery with retrobulbar nerve block.Methods Ninety-three senile cataract patients,ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ grades,aged from 65 to 82 years old,scheduled for cataract surgery with retrobulbar nerve block were equally randomized into three groups by systematic sampling.The patients in three groups were given bolus infusion dexmedetomidine 0.5 μ g/kg before operation and group A was maintained by 0.2 μ g/ (kg· h),group B was maintained by 0.4 μ g/(kg· h) and group C was maintained by 0.6 μ g/(kg· h).Ramsay score,mean arterial blood pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),respiratory rate,pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before anesthesia (T0),after retrobulbar nerve block (T1),and after sedative administration for 10 (T2),20 (T3),30 (T4),60 min (T5).Results The operation in three groups was successful.The scores of Ramsay at T2-T5 in three groups was significantly higher than that at T0 [group A:(2.6 ± 0.7),(2.5 ±0.2),(2.4 ±0.8),(2.4 ± 0.3) scores vs.(2.0 ± 0.0) scores;group B:(3.0 ± 0.7),(3.8 ± 0.7),(4.2 ± 0.2),(4.5 ± 0.2)scores vs.(2.0 ± 0.0) scores;group C:(3.8 ± 0.6),(4.7 ± 0.4),(5.2 ± 0.8),(5.6 ± 0.6) scores vs.(2.0 ± 0.0) scores].The scores of Ramsay at T3-T5 in group C was significantly higher than that in group A and group B,the scores of Ramsay in group B was significantly higher than that in group A,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The HR at T3-T5 in three groups was significantly lower than that at T0 [group A:(77 ± 5),(76 ± 7),(74 ± 12) times/min vs.(88 ± 12) times/min; group B:(72 ± 9),(70 ± 8),(70 ± 11)times/min vs.(90 ± 10) times/min;group C:(64 ±7),(55 ±7),(54 ±6) times/min vs.(88 ±9)times/min],the HR at T3-T5 in group C was significantly lower than that in group A and group B,there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The level of MAP,respiratory rate in three groups and interclass had no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).There was no respiratory depression,nausea,vomiting and dizzy occurred.Conclusion Bolus infusion dexmedetomidine 0.5 μ g/kg followed by intravenous infusion at 0.2-0.4 μ g/(kg·h) is suitable for sedation of elderly patients with cataract surgery.
ABSTRACT
Visiting doctors' training is a main part of medical education in general hospital,but it has not gained full attention.Based on the features of visiting doctors and the department,a new teaching method-tutorial system was applied to enhance the responsibility of tutors and the sense of belongings of visiting doctors.Individual teaching method was used to enhance the overall quality of visiting doctors and to guarantee the safety of anesthesia treatment for patients.The tutorial system clarified and enhanced the relationship between tutors and visiting doctors and it would be a new teaching mode for the visiting doctors' education in the department of anesthesiology.