Impact of inter pregnancy interval of less than 18 months on neonatal birth weight

Objective: To find association between low birth weight and short inter-pregnancy interval [< 18 months]

Methodology: 150 females planned for full term delivery were taken in this study from department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore were taken. After taking an informed consent for subjects or attendants, their age, address, contact details, parity and gestational age in weeks were taken. All pregnant females having gestational age > 37 weeks were enrolled and shall be followed till their normal vaginal delivery. Females delivering baby with < 18 months birth interval [as per operational definition] were considered as cases and females delivering baby with >/= 18 months interval were considered as controls. Babies' weight were recorded immediately after their birth and were categorized as low birth weight if weight is < 2.5 kg normal if birth weight is >/= 2.5 kg. All data were collected by researcher herself of attached proforma. All collected data were entered and analyzed using statistical package for social science [SPSS] 22

Results: In this study mean age of females having short inter-pregnancy interval [IPI < 18 months] was 27.20 +/- 2.93 years and mean age of those who do not had short inter-pregnancy interval [IPI >/= 18 months] was 27.77 +/- 3.13 years, there was no statistical difference in mean age among both groups, p-value = 0.248. The average birth weight was significantly higher [2.68 +/- 0.35] in females having IPI >/= 18 months when compared with females having IPI < 18 months i.e. 2.51 +/- 0.428, p-value 0.001. In females with < 18 months of IPI there were 27[36%] low birth weight babies while 48[64%] females delivered normal weight babies. For those who had >/= 18 months of IPI there were 14[18.7%] low birth weights and 61[81.3%] babies had normal weight. On applying relative risk we found there were 2.45 times higher chance of low birth weight baby for those who had < 18 months of IPI, with significant difference , p-value = 0.017

Conclusion: We conclude that pregnancy interval of <18 months is a risk factor for low birth weight. Although efforts are being made to educate population on keeping the pregnancy procedures and intervals safe, further implications are needed to be taken in terms of family planning and awareness campaigning

Ovarian cancer; the role of CA-125 as a tumor marker. An institutional based descriptive and prospective study

1]. To analyze of serum tumor marker CA-125 in patients with ovarian malignant tumors. 2]. To correlate between the serum levels of tumor marker with histological types of ovarian malignant tumors. Institution based descriptive and prospective study. Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro from January 2009 to June 2011. One hundred cases, diagnosed as ovarian malignant tumor on H and E staining were selected for study and measure serum CA-125 preoperatively and postoperatively in each case. Out of 100 cases diagnosed as on H and E stain were 33 serous cystadenocarcinoma, 24 mucinous adenocarcinoma, 10 germ cell tumors and 08 sex-cord stromal tumors. On serum analysis increased level of CA-125 was seen preoperatively in 33/33 cases of serous cystadenocarcinoma and 24/29 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma. Serum tumor marker value was declined following appropriate therapy of the tumors. Serum tumor markers CA-125 is useful and important for the detection of ovarian tumors. It is most significant for serous cystadenocarcinoma. It may also help in prognosis and specific treatment of ovarian malignancies relating to histological type

Frequency of morbid adherence of placenta

To determine the frequency, causes and outcome of patients with morbidly adherent placenta. Descriptive case series. The study was conducted at Gynae unit I Nishtar Hospital Multan from April 2011 to Oct 2011. One hundred patients with previous uterine operations; like caesarean section, myomectomy, hysterotomy or diagnostic curettage patients with placenta praevia or those patients with retained placenta removed with difficulty under anesthesia; were included in the study. All the primigravidas and cases with retained placenta due to uterine abnormalities were excluded. The admitted patients meeting the inclusion criteria were registered for the study after taking informed consent. Patients were clinically examined and appropriate investigations were done. All relevant information was recorded in a proforma especially designed for this study. All the data was entered and analysed through SPSS version 10. Only 6 patients out of 100 selected cases had morbidly adherent placenta, out of whom 4 were booked and 2 were unbooked. Five cases were between 25-30 years and one was 20 years of age. Their parity ranged from 1-6. Five patients had previous history of caesarean section. Placenta was found in lower uterine segment in 5 cases. One patient presented with preterm labour and one with antepartum haemorrhage. Post partum haemorrhage occurred in two cases. One patient was delivered vaginally and five had caesarean section. Three of the latter had placenta accreta, 2 had placenta percreta and one had placenta increta. Placenta was removed piecemeal followed by caesarean hystrectomy in 5 cases. In one case a conservative trial, followed by postpartum hysterctomy, was done. Blood transfusions were required in all cases ranging from 3-5 units. Duration of hospital stay was 5 - 10 days and maternal mortality was nil. Morbid adherence of placenta is an obstetrical emergency, which carries an increased risk of perinatal and maternal mortality and morbidity Antenatal care needs to be improved and morbid adherence of placenta should be diagnosed at the earliest possible time. Previous caesarean section and placenta previa in current pregnancy were the major risk factors observed in 5[83%] of the cases. Previous history of dilatation and curettage was present in 1[16.6%] case.

Pattern of ovarian tumors: report of 15 years experience at Liaquat University Jamshoro

To evaluate the morphological pattern of different ovarian tumors among the rural population of Sindh. Department of Pathology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh - Pakistan over a period of fifteen years. A descriptive study. All specimens, received by the department were examined, however, only those specimens that belonged to interior of Sindh were included in the study. Data were recorded on a proforma and were analyzed statistically. In total, 694 ovarian tumor specimens were examined. Majority of these tumors was benign [68.28%]. Tumors of low malignant potential borderline] were <01%. Those with frank malignant features were 31%. On cytological basis, tumors taking origin from surface epithelium were most frequent, constituting 81% of the total. Germ cell tumors were second in the row with percentage of 10.95. Metastatic deposits were seen in only 1.58% of the cases. Ovarian tumors are quite common in this set up. A relatively high number of malignancies was observed in this study and the etiology of which is yet to be established