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OBJECTIVE@#To study the chemical constituents of the EtOAc extract of Armillaria gallica 012m.@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents of the EtOAc extract of A. gallica 012m were isolated and purified by various column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. Cytotoxicity of all isolates against A549, HCT-116, M231 and W256 human tumor cells was determined by the MTT method.@*RESULTS@#A new sesquiterpene aryl ester, armimelleolide C ( 1), and eight known ones including armillarivin ( 2), melleolide F ( 3), 6'-chloromelleolide F ( 4), melleolide ( 5), melleolide K ( 6), melledonol ( 7), 13-hydroxydihydromelleolide ( 8), and armillane ( 9), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of A. gallica 012m. All isolates showed potential cytotoxic activities against at least one of the human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from (3.17 ± 0.54) to (17.57 ± 0.47) μmol/L. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory activity against M231 with an IC50 value of (7.54 ± 0.24) μmol/L compared with paclitaxel as the positive control. Compounds 2, 3, and 7, 9 showed obvious inhibitory activity against HCT-116 and were better than that of the positive control.@*CONCLUSION@#The chemical constituents including a new sesquiterpene aryl ester armimelleolide C ( 1) from the EtOAc extract of A. gallica 012m have a variety of structures and potential antitumor activities.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of coagulation function changes on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 245 liver transplant recipients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. According to the incidence of AKI after liver transplantation, all recipients were divided into the AKI group (n=99) and non-AKI group (n=146). The incidence of AKI after liver transplantation was summarized. Perioperative parameters of the recipients were collected. The risk factors of AKI after liver transplantation were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results Among 245 recipients undergoing liver transplantation, 99 cases developed AKI after operation with an incidence rate of 40.4%. Preoperative serum creatinine levels of the recipients and the in-hospital fatality were relatively high in the AKI group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the recipients in the non-AKI group, those in the AKI group presented with significantly higher liver function parameters within postoperative 24 h, significantly decreased levels of stage Ⅱ coagulation parameters including coagulation factorsⅤ, Ⅶ, Ⅸ, Ⅹ, Ⅻ and protein S, protein C and antithrombin Ⅲ, evidently elevated prothrombin time international normalized ratio (PT-INR), remarkably increased stage Ⅲ coagulation parameters including D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels and considerably decreased fibrinogen (FIB) level (all P < 0.05). Thrombelastogram showed that the R value was increased, the α angle was decreased and the coagulation time was prolonged in the AKI group (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the increased R value of postoperative thrombelastogram [odd ratio (OR) 1.116, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.018-1.223, P=0.019], and decreased levels of antithrombin Ⅲ (OR 0.974, 95%CI 0.955-0.993, P=0.007) were the independent risk factors of incidence of AKI after liver transplantation. Conclusions The incidence of AKI after liver transplantation is high, which is associated with the coagulation function changes of the recipients. Decreased coagulation factor activity (increased R value) and declined antithrombin Ⅲ level are the independent risk factors of AKI in liver transplantat recipients.
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Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It is characterized by rapid progression, high mortality, and frequent sequelae. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can improve patient survival and long-term prognosis. Biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been widely used in the early diagnosis of sepsis, but there still exist limitations on their specificity and sensitivity. Microfluidic technology was applied for the detection of some biomarkers and pathogenic microorganisms, not only because it has a higher specificity and sensitivity for the early diagnosis of sepsis, but also has a certain evaluation value for the severity of sepsis and the prognosis of patients. These quick and accurate methods have the feasibility of clinical application. To demonstrate the value of microfluidic technology for early diagnosis of sepsis and to guide the improvement of future research, the application of microfluidic technology in the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis was reviewed in this article.
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Objective To establish an acute yunaconitine poisoning rat model with a single oral administration and to determine the contents of yunaconitine in rat tissues by UPLC-MS/MS method, then investigate the distribution of yunaconitine in rats. Method The rats were randomly divided into three groups and were intragastrically administered a single dose of 2.2mg/kg,1.1mg/kg,0.7mg/kg yunaconitine, respectively.. The rats were killed 2h later, the stomach tissue, intestine tissue, liver tissue, pancreas tissue, kidney tissue, lung tissue, spleen tissue, heart tissue, bladder tissue, testis tissue, brain tissue and heart blood samples were collected. The contents of yunaconitine in the biological materials were determined by UPLC-MS/MS method after the biological samples extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Result A rat model of the yunaconitine poisoning was made with a single dose of 1.1mg/kg, the concentrations of yunaconitine displayed in the organs with the following order:stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas, kidney, lung, spleen, heart, bladder, testis, heart blood and brain. Conclusion Yunaconitine was widely distributed in rats, especially the levels in the stomach, small intestine and liver were the highest. The conclusion provides a basis for the selection of test materials for the poisoning of Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom.
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Objective To study the effect of supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation on the strephenopodia angle and lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.Method Sixty cerebral stroke patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using random number method, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was additionally given supermicro needle-knife therapy, for successive 4 weeks. The strephenopodia angle and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower-limb motor function (FMA-L) were observed before and after the treatment.Result The strephenopodia angles and FMA-L scores were changed significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05); after the treatment, the strephonopodia angle and FMA-L score in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation can mitigate strephenopodia and improve lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.
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Objective To study the effect of supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation on the strephenopodia angle and lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.Method Sixty cerebral stroke patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using random number method, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was additionally given supermicro needle-knife therapy, for successive 4 weeks. The strephenopodia angle and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower-limb motor function (FMA-L) were observed before and after the treatment.Result The strephenopodia angles and FMA-L scores were changed significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05); after the treatment, the strephonopodia angle and FMA-L score in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation can mitigate strephenopodia and improve lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.
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Objective To implement institutionalized and standardized medical device technology archives management to facilitate its application. Methods The medical device technology archives and its management requirements were introduced, and the problems in its application were analyzed, then some countermeasures were put forward accordingly. Results The management rules and regulations had to be established for medical device technology archives, and considerations should be taken on its collection, arrangement, archiving, keeping, secrecy, lending, statistics and destroying. Conclusion Medical device technology archives management has to be standardized to facilitate its application.
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To investigate the effects of Corydalis Rhizoma and L-tetrahydropalma-tine (L-THP) on the levels of dopamine neurotransmitter (DA), dopamine transporter (DAT) and the second dopamine receptor (D2R) in learning and memory-related brain areas, hippocampus and striatum, the DA, DAT and D2R were detected in conditioned place preference (CPP) rats suffered from morphine. And comparation the degree of similarity and consistency of the pharmacological effects was also studied. The rats were trained in black compartments and white ones (drug-paired compartment) with the increasing doses of morphine for 10 days (hypodermically injected from 10 mg•kg⁻¹ to 100 mg•kg⁻¹). Models of CPP were validated in those psychological dependence rats after 48 h training. The dopamine contents were detected as soon as the materials of hippocampus and striatum are harvested from rats of NS control group and model group. The DAT and D2R levels are measured by Western blot. The high, medium and low dose group of Corydalis Rhizoma are given Corydalis Rhizoma 2, 1, 0.5 g•kg⁻¹ water extraction liquid respectively (which contains L-THP were 0.274, 0.137 and 0.137 mg respectively), and the high, medium and low dose group of L-THP were given L-THP 3.76, 1.88, 0.94 mg•kg⁻¹ lavage treatment respectively, NS treatment group were lavaged normal saline for 6 days and they were killed after test of CPP, again tested DA levels and expression of DAT and D2R similar to the front of materials. The reduction effects of CPP were observed in the groups of both Corydalis Rhizoma (2, 1 g•kg⁻¹) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 mg•kg⁻¹) subjected to medicine for 6 days (P<0.01). Compared with the NS treatment group and the model group, the higher values including in the contents of neurotransmitter dopamine were detected of hippocampus and striatum (P<0.01, P<0.05), the DAT and D2R protein expression of Corydalis Rhizoma (2, 1 g•kg⁻¹) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 mg•kg⁻¹) increased in hippocampus and striatum (P<0.01). Learning and memory-related brain regions hippocampus and striatum was another neuroanatomical sites of action in the treatment of mental dependence of fumarate and L-THP, its mechanism was related to lowering its elevated DA neurotransmitter levels, and increasing the expression of DAT and D2R. Corydalis Rhizoma could be play 14-times roles in effect of L-THP. The similar effects were observed on the neurotransmitter dopamine, DAT and D2R in learning and memory-related brain areas, hippocampus and striatum of the morphine- dependent rats.
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OBJECTIVES@#To study the changes of alcohol content and pharmacokinetic parameter in rats after taking Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid.@*METHODS@#The rats were randomly divided into three groups and given with white alcohol at the dose of 3.0 mL/kg, low-dose and high-dose Chinese medicine liquor, respectively. The blood was collected before administration and 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h and 8 h after administration by cutting rats' tails. The concentrations of alcohol in blood were detected by headspace-gas chromatography method. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0, and then analyzed by SPSS 17.0.@*RESULTS@#The difference of maximum blood concentrations between high-dose Chinese medicine alcohol group and white alcohol group was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in other pharmacokinetic parameters among three groups （P>0.05）.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Chinese herbal medicinal ingredients in the Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid has no effect on the metabolism and elimination of ethanol in rats. The research provides useful reference for the qualitative assessment and processing of traffic accident cases involved in Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid and the studies related to drug-interaction.
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Animals , Rats , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Ethanol/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To perform a meta-analysis on clinical outcomes of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pubmed database (from 1968 to March 2014), Cochrane library and CNKI database (from 1998 to March 2014) were searched. Case-control study on minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal tibial fractures in adults were chosen,and postoperative infection, operative time, blood loss, fracture nonunion rate, delayed union,fracture malunion rate were seen as evaluation index for meta analysis. The system review was performed using the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 5 studies (366 patients) were enrolled. Meta-analysis showed that there were significant meaning in postoperative infection between MIPPO and ORIF [OR = 0.23,95% CI (0.06,0.92), P = 0.04]; fracture nonunion rate in MIPPO was lower than in ORIF group [OR = 0.16, 95% CI (0.03,0.76), P = 0.02]; operative time in MIPPO was shorter than in ORIF group, and had significant difference [MD = -14.42, 95% CI (-27.79, -1.05), P < 0.05]; blood loss in MIPPO was less than in ORIF group [MD= -87.17,95%CI (-99.20, -75.15), P < 0.05]; there was no obviously meaning in delayed union between two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For distal tibial fractures in adults, MIPPO has, advantages of short operative time, less blood loss, lower incidence of infection and fracture non-uniom, but with high fracture malunion rate. MIPPO for distal tibial fractures in adults is better than ORIF, and the best treatment should choose according to patient's condition.</p>
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Humans , Bone Plates , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Methods , Fracture Healing , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Methods , Operative Time , Tibial Fractures , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study and compare the effect of Corydalis yanhusuo and L-THP on dopamine neurotransmitter and D2 receptor of reward circuitry in various cerebral areas of conditioned place preference model rats and the comparison of their effects.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CPP model was established by injecting morphine in rats with increasing doses for 10 days. The initial dose of 10 mg x kg(-1), and the final dose of 100 mg x kg(-1), with 10 mg x kg(-1) increased each day. At 48 h after the final training, CPP was adopted to detect the successful establishment of the model. On the same day (12 d), they were orally administered with 2, 1, 0.5 g x kg(-1) C. yanhusuo (containing 0.153, 0.077 and 0.038 mg L-THP) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88, 0.94 mg x kg(-1)) for six days. On 18 d, CPP test was performed again. Next day, HPLC was adopted to determine the content of dopamine neurotransmitters of reward circuitry in VTA-NAc-PFC; Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were adopted to detect the expression of D2 receptors.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the physiological saline treatment group, C. yanhusuo (2, 1 g x kg(-1)) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 mg x kg(-1)) groups showed that rats stayed in a notably shorter period in white boxes (morphine-accompanied boxes) (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and revealed a remarkably lower dopamine content in VTA, NAc and PFC and the significant increase in the expression of D2 receptor (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The down-regulation of the increased dopamine content in reward nervous circuitry and the up-regulation of the expression of D2 receptor may be one of mechanisms of C. yanhusuo and L-THP in accelerating the recession of morphine's CPP effect Regarding the inhibition of morphine's CPP effect and the effect on dopamine system, the effect of C. yanhusuo traditional Chinese medicine containing one-fold L-THP monomer is equal to that of the independent application of around 24-fold L-THP monomer.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Berberine Alkaloids , Brain , Metabolism , Conditioning, Operant , Corydalis , Chemistry , Dopamine , Metabolism , Morphine , Plant Extracts , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Dopamine D2 , Genetics , Metabolism , Substance-Related Disorders , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Metabolism , PsychologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the acting mechanism of anti-morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) between aqueous extract of Corydalis yanhusuo and L-THP and compare their effects.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CPP model was established by injecting morphine in rats with a increasing dose for 10 days, with the initial dose of 10 g x kg(-1) and the final dose of 100 g x kg(-1), 10 mg x kg(-1) was increased each day, thus 100 mg x kg(-1) was injected by d 10. Having been treated with differential doses (2, 1 and 0.5 g x kg(-1)) of C. yanhusuo (containing L-THP: 0.153, 0.077 and 0.038 mg x kg(-1) respectively) and L-THP (3.76, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x kg(-1)) for six days, the CPP effect in rats was detected. Both colorimetry and immunohistochemistry methods were adopted to detect the content of glutamate neurotransmitter in each brain region and the expression of NR2B in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the physiological saline treatment group, C. yanhusuo (2, 1 g x kg(-1)) and L-THP (3.76 and 1.88 mg x kg(-1)) groups showed a notably shorter retention period of rats in white boxes (morphine-accompanied boxes) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and remarkably lower glutamic acid content in VTA, NAc and PFC and NR2B expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both C. yanhusuo and L-THP can substantially inhibit the effect of morphine CPP, reduce the increasing glutamic acid content in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and down-regulated NR2B expression, which may be one of mechanisms on reducing the effect of morphine CPP. C. yanhusuo preparations containing L-THP (1 x ) showed 24-fold effect of L-THP monomer of single application in terms of the behaviouristics of inhibitory effect on CPP as well as the similarity in terms of transmitter glutamic acid of in VTA-NAc-PFC neuroanatomical circuit and pharmacological mechanism of NR2B.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Berberine Alkaloids , Therapeutic Uses , Conditioning, Operant , Corydalis , Chemistry , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Morphine , Morphine Dependence , Drug Therapy , Psychology , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the oral chronic toxicity of 97% isopropyl thioxanthone (97% ITX) in rats, determine the no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four groups of rats were fed with foodstuff containing 97% ITX in the dosage of 1000.0, 250.0, 62.5 mg/kg respectively for 2 years. The general behavior, body weight, food availability ect. were observed during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood and urine samples were collected for routine and biochemical assays. The internal organs were taken for calculating their organ coefficients and histopathological examinations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During the experimental period, no obvious abnormality were found in the experimental animals. The body weight and the total food availability rate in the high dosage group of male were lower than that of control (P < 0.05). Hematology examination showed that the quantity of Hb and RBC in high dosage groups of both the male and female and Hb in the male middle group were all lower than the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Analysis of correlation indicated that r = -0.433, P < 0.01 in male, r = -0.337, P < 0.01 in female of Hb; r = -0.266, P < 0.05 in male, r = -0.317, P < 0.01 in female of RBC. There were obviously negative correlation. Serum biochemistry examination showed the concentration of CHO in the high and middle dosage treated rats of male and female were higher than that of the control (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Analysis of correlation indicated that r = 0.497, P < 0.01 in male, r = 0.417, P < 0.01 in female. No abnormality were found in urine examination. The organ weight and organ coefficient such as liver, were higher than control group (P < 0.01). The result of histopathological examinations displayed that the renal tubule Cast and the tubulointerstitial nephritis in the treated groups were higher than that of control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>97% ITX could obviously interfere with the animals' physical condition, and reduce the number of RBC and the concentration of Hb in the blood, interact metabolism of lipoid and induce the concentration of CHO in the serum. The livers of the treated rats are compensatory enlarged. And kidneys of the poisoning animals are damaged. The 2 years oral NOAEL of 97% ITX in rats are more than 4.63 mg/kg for female rats, and larger than 4.06 mg/kg for male rats.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Administration, Oral , No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level , Rats, Wistar , Toxicity Tests, Chronic , Xanthones , ToxicityABSTRACT
Objective To establish an ultra performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of 7 kinds of antibiotics(minocycline hydrochloride,ox tetracycline,tetracycline hydrochloride,chlortetracycline hydrochloride,doxycycline hydrochloride,chloramphenicol,metronidazole) in anti-acne cosmetics.Methods Seven kinds of antibiotics were separated on a Waters UPLC BEH C18 column by gradient elution using A(methanol/acetonitrile = 1/2) and B(1% formic acid aqueous solution) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min,with the detection wavelength of 268 nm.Results The detection limits were 0.3-0.5 ng,the calibration curves were linear in the range of 2-100 ng(1-50 mg/L),the precision was not more than 4.8% and the rate of recovery were 82.5%-105.6%.Conclusion The method established in the present paper is rapid,sensitive and suitable for the determination of 7 kinds of antibiotics in anti-acne cosmetics.