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Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of severe hand,foot,mouth disease (HFMD)in Fengtai District,and to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of severe hand,foot,mouth disease cases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of severe cases of HFMD in Fengtai District,2010 -2015.Results The reported number of severe cases of HFMD was highest in 2010.The cases decreased year by year,and the annual incidence peak was present during June -August.The most cases were young children aged 1 -5 years. EV71 was the major pathogen,but other intestinal virus presented a rising trend.Cases were mainly floating population and presented regional distribution of small commodity wholesale market.Clinical features were mainly fever,rash,accompanied by more nervous system symptoms.The clinical symptoms include fever and rash usually accompanied by symptoms of the nervous system.Conclusion Severe cases presented a decline trend,and the proportion of other intestinal virus pathogen was increasing.More attention should be paid to other enterovirus infection of hand,foot and mouth disease among children.
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AIM: To observe the clinical efficacy of adjunctive intravitreous injection with Lucentis for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma ( NVG) . METHODS:The retrospective case series study included 25 eyes of 25 patients who underwentintravitreous injection with Lucentis. Patients firstly received an intravitreous injection with Lucentis (0. 5mg/0. 05mL), after the regression of neovascularization of the iris, patients accepted different surgical treatments according to different etiopathogenesis condition. Iris, chamber angle neovascularization condition, intraocular pressure, and visual acuity were observed postoperatively. The follow-up duration was 3mo. RESULTS:After 3-7d of intravitreous Lucentis injecting, iris and chamber angle neovascularization was totally faded in 20 cases (20 eyes) and was not completely faded in 5 cases ( 5 eyes ) . Additional treatments were compound trabeculectomy ( 14 cases, 14 eyes ) , vitrectomy ( 4 cases, 4 eyes ) . The patients' mean intraocular pressure was 43. 42 ± 10. 99mmHg before treatment, which decreased rapidly when they came out of the hospital (14. 26±7. 64mmHg, P CONCLUSION:Intravitreous injection with Lucentis can be used as an assisted treatment of NVG. According to different etiopathogenesis condition, it is an effective treatment to combine with other treatment methods for NVG.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cellular immune regulation of the long-term intervention of moxa smoke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a low concentration group, a medium concentration group and a high concentration group, 8 cases in each group. In addition to the blank group, rats in the other groups were exposed to the corresponding concentration moxa smoke for 20 min every day, the T lymphocyte subsets and proportion of the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood were tested by flow cytometry after 6 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, the proportions of CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and CD3+ CD4/CD3+ CD8+ in the other 3 moxa smoke groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05), while the proportions of the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in CD4+ T cells were significantly lower (P < 0.05), but no statistically significant differences among those 3 moxa smoke intervention groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Long-term moxa smoke intervention has no significant effect on the proportions of CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and CD3+ CD4+/CD3+ CD8+, but it can decrease the proportions of the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood of rats. The way produced by pretreatment with moxa smoke may play immunomodulatory effect.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Lymphocyte Count , Moxibustion , Rats, Wistar , Smoke , T-Lymphocyte Subsets , Allergy and Immunology , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Allergy and Immunology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Background Research demonstrated that alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid GluR2 (AMPA-GluR2) is associated with amblyopia.It has been shown that levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline can improve visual function of amblyopic children,but the mechanism is unclear.Objective This study was to explore the possible effects of levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline on amblyopia.Methods Monocular deprivation (MD) animal models were created in 60 2-week-old SD rats by monolateral eyelid suturing and observed for 31 days and reared in natural light together with 15 other matched normal healthy SD rats.The models were randomly divided into the MD group,levodopa group,cytidine diphosphate choline group and normal saline control group,with 15 rats for each group.40 mg/kg of levodopa,80 mg/kg of cytidine diphosphate choline,I ml normal saline were given to the rats,respectively,for 28 consecutive days.Expressions of the AMPA-CluR2 protein and AMPA-CluR2 mRNA in the rat visual cortex were detected by immunohistochemistry,Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The expression values of the AMPA-GluR2 protein (AMPA-GluR2/β-actin) and AMPA-GluR2 mRNA (2-△△Ct) were significantly lower in the MD group than those of the normal control group (protein:0.32 ± 0.02 vs.0.64 ± 0.05,t =13.287,P＜0.05 ;mRNA:0.30±0.01 vs.0.84±0.03,t=38.184,P＜0.05).Those in the levodopa group were significantly increased in comparison with the normal saline solution group (protein:0.59 ±0.04 vs.0.33 ±0.03,t =11.628,P＜0.05 ; mRNA:0.71±0.06 vs.0.33 ±0.02,t =13.435,P＜0.05).The expression values of the AMPA-GluR2 protein and AMPA-GluR2 mRNA were significantly increased in the cytidine diphosphate choline group compared with the normal saline solution group (protein:0.52 ± 0.04 vs.0.33 ± 0.03,t =8.497,P ＜ 0.05 ; mRNA:0.48± 0.04 vs.0.33 ± 0.02,t =7.500,P＜0.05).Conclusions AMPA-GluR2 is associated with the plasticity of visual development.Levodopa and cytidine diphosphate choline may improve visual function by down-regulating the expression of AMPA-GluR2 in the visual cortex.
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Background The afferent signals of proprioceptor in extraocular muscles play an important role in controlling eye position and conjugate movement. Palisade ending in the extraocular muscles is the main source of proprioceptive information, and its abnormalities in structure and function may be associated with the occurrence of nystagmus. Objective This study was to observe the changes of palisade ending in the extraocular muscles of patients with congenital nystagmus ( CN) and discuss the probable mechanism. Methods Modified Kestenbaum procedure was performed on 10 patients with CN, and the extraocular muscle samples were collected during the operation. Normal extraocular muscle samples were obtained from the enucleated eyeballs after ocular wound. The ultrathin sections of extraocular muscles were prepared and double-staining by uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The morphological changes of the palisade ending of extraocular muscles were examined under the transmission electron microscopy. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before surgery. Results The ultrastructure of palisade ending in the extraocular muscle of CN subjects showed the different degrees of alterations. The mild changes included the collapse and disconnection of external capsules and the nonhomogeneous electron-dense substracts. The degeneration and dissociation of myelin in nerve endings, swelling and vacuolation of mitochondria were also exhibited. Myeloid body was found in axon. In the severe patients,the necrosis of Schwann' s cells,dissolve of axon and disappear of capsules were seen. Conclusion The palisade ending of extraocular muscle in the patients with CN are obviously abnormal in comparison with normal one. These alterations are probably associated with the etiology and pathogenesis of CN.
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· AIM: To observe the inhibitory effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on the proliferation of monkey choroidretinal endothelial cells (RF/6A) in hypoxia or normal conditions.retinal endothelial cells of rhesus monkey (RF/6A). The effect of TA on the cellular activity was observed by MTT,the effect on cellular proliferation and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).cycle were reduced and the proportion of cells in G2-M phase was increased under the hypoxia condition .TA had a great effect on the cell cycle of choroid-retinal endothelial cells of rhesus monkey and it induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. It relatively increased the S-phase cells and reduced G2-M phase cells under both normal and hypoxia conditions, which indicates its role in blocking cell cycle from s-phase to G2-M phase and reducing mitosis.RF/6A cells while TA has the opposite effect in both normal and hypoxia conditions. TA can also induce apoptosis of endothelial cells.