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The ethical problems in the prevention and control of public disasters and epidemics have attracted more and more attention. Briefly combed the disaster and epidemic events in ancient China. From the view of the several basic principles of public health ethics, this paper took four aspects of the distribution of medical and health resources for epidemic diseases, the isolation prevention and control, the skeleton convergence and the protection of public health conditions as examples, to dialectically treat the measures taken by ancient people to deal with disasters and epidemics and explore some enlightenment of public health ethics in ancient Chinese disasters and epidemics. The measures of epidemic prevention and disaster resistance in ancient China have their own formation and development process. Although the historical limitations are insurmountable, interpreting it by using the basic principles of public health ethics will help us understand the development process of epidemic prevention and control, promote the development of medical archaeology, and provide some reference for the construction of public health undertakings today.
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In this study, a single base editing system was used to edit the FecB and GDF9 gene to achieve a targeted site mutation from A to G and from C to T in Ouler Tibetan sheep fibroblasts, and to test its editing efficiency. Firstly, we designed and synthesized sgRNA sequences targeting FecB and GDF9 genes of Ouler Tibetan sheep, followed by connection to epi-ABEmax and epi-BE4max plasmids to construct vectors and electrotransfer into Ouler Tibetan sheep fibroblasts. Finally, Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the target point mutation of FecB and GDF9 genes positive cells. T-A cloning was used to estimate the editing efficiency of the single base editing system. We obtained gRNA targeting FecB and GDF9 genes and constructed the vector aiming at mutating single base of FecB and GDF9 genes in Ouler Tibetan sheep. The editing efficiency for the target site of FecB gene was 39.13%, whereas the editing efficiency for the target sites (G260, G721 and G1184) of GDF9 gene were 10.52%, 26.67% and 8.00%, respectively. Achieving single base mutation in FecB and GDF9 genes may facilitate improving the reproduction traits of Ouler Tibetan sheep with multifetal lambs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/genetics , Gene Editing , Tibet , Mutation , Phenotype , Mutagenesis, Site-DirectedABSTRACT
Medical Ethics is an important course of "establish morality and cultivate people" in medical colleges and universities, which has the dual characteristics of medical humanities and medical practice. The course of medical ethics should conform to the development trend of the times, make full use of the new teaching mode, change the teaching methods, and promote the deep integration of medical humanities course and information technology. As a new teaching mode, immersion teaching can effectively focus on teaching needs, stimulate students’ interest, improve teaching effectiveness, and effectively make up for the shortcomings of the current teaching of medical ethics. This paper aimed to explore the immersion teaching of medical ethics. Firstly, it analyzed the necessity of adopting immersion teaching from two aspects: the characteristics of immersion teaching and the existing problems of medical ethics teaching. Secondly, combined with the current teaching conditions, it put forward two implementation paths and main instructional design of immersive teaching of medical ethics. At the same time, it analyzed the main influencing factors of the realization of immersive teaching of medical ethics from teaching subject and teaching object.
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Objective To explore the effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) on immune function of Walker256 ascites rats and its mechanisms.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,model group,high-dose GLE group,medium-dose GLE group,low-dose GLE group and cisplatin group according to different treatments,with 10 rats in each group.After the Walker-256 ascites rat model was successfully established,the rats in the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose GLE groups were intragastrically administered with 0.84,1.68 and 3.36 g/(kg · d) GLE,respectively,twice a day,2 mL each time,for 14 days;the rats in the cisplatin group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.004 g/(kg · d) cisplatin in normal saline once a week;the rats in control group and model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline,2 mL each time,twice a day for 14 days.The general health status of the rats of each group were observed,the mass of ascites was tested,the spleen,thymus and kidney indexes were calculated,and the renal function was measured.Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycles of thymus and bone marrow cells,the distributions of T lymphocyte subsets and the number of NK cells in peripheral blood.Serum immune cytokine protein chip was used to measure the serum levels of immune cytokines of rots in the control group,model group and medium-dose GLE group.Results GLE significantly reduced the mass of ascites in rats (P＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,thymus,spleen and kidney were damaged in the model group and cisplatin group,and treating rats with GLE significantly increased the thymus index and renal indexes,and significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (P＜0.05).G0/G1 phase arrest was significantly induced in the thymus and bone marrow cells in the model group and the cisplatin group (P＜0.05);and GLE significantly reduced the arrest of G0/G1 phase and significantly induced the transformation of thymus and bone marrow cells to G2/M and S phases (P＜0.05).GLE significantly increased the number of CD4+ cells,the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ ceils and the number of NK cells,and significantly decreased the number of CD8+ cells in the peripheral blood of rats as compared with the model group (P＜0.05).Compared with the model groups,the expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),interleukin (IL)-1α,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum of the rats in medium-dose GLE group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion GLE can effectively reduce the generation of ascites and improve immune function in Walker-256 ascites rats,and has no renal damage effect compared with cisplatin.
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Platycodin-D (PD) is the major monomer of triterpene saponins in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. Recent studies have demonstrated that PD has a wide range of anti-tumor effect and its efficacy is satisfying. This article reviewed anti-tumor mechanisms of PD from the aspects of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, immune and anti-inflammation, etc., with a purpose to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and better utilization of PD and taking its anti-tumor advantage.
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Aim To explore the inhibitory effects of ophiopogonin-B (OP-B ) on cell adhesion,invasion and migration in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells in vitro and its possible mechanism.Meth-ods Cell adhesion assay and transwell chamber assay were used to detect the ability of cell adhesion,migra-tion and invasion.qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of MMP-2 and 9 .Meanwhile ,Western blot assay was performed to determine the protein levels of MMP-2/9 and p-Akt.Results OP-B significantly inhibited the ability of cell adhesion,invasion and mi-gration in A549 cells at the concentration of 10 μmol· L-1 (P<0.01 ).Meanwhile,it inhibited the mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and down-regulated the phosphorylation of Akt (P <0.0 1 ). Conclusion OP-B inhibits cell adhesion,invasion and migration in A549 cells through down-regulation of the mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2/9 ,and the inhibitory effect on the expression of p-Akt.
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Aim To explore the effects of the inhibition of cell adhesion , invasion and migration in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) H460 and A549 cells in-duced by platycodin-D ( PD ) and its mechanism. Methods Cell adhesion assay, wound-healing assay and Transwell chamber migration assay were used to detect the ability of cell adhesion, migration and inva-sion. Regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA was de-termined by RT-PCR. Meanwhile, Western blot was performed to determine the expression levels of MMP-2/9 , its upstream related proteins of ERK signaling pathway and p-Akt. Results PD effectively inhibited the ability of cell adhesion, invasion and migration in H460 and A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0. 05 ) . PD reduced the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA in H460 and A549 cells ( P<0. 01 );meanwhile, PD down-regulated the expression levels of MMP-2/9 , and inhibited the expression of its upstream proteins Ras, p-c-Raf, p-ERK 1/2 and p-Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions PD inhibits cell adhesion, invasion and migration in NSCLC cells, and these effects are related to the down-regulation of the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mR-NA and protein, and inhibition of its upstream expres-sion of ERK signaling pathway and p-Akt.