ABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Após 1950, indivíduos de áreas endêmicas da doença de Chagas migraram para grandes cidades, mas eram despreparados para atividades fabris e de serviços. Doentes, muitos foram afastados do mercado de trabalho no auge da vida produtiva. Objetivamos aqui avaliar a situação trabalhista e social desses pacientes e traçar um perfil que aponte barreiras sociais, profissionais e físicas enfrentadas pelos portadores da doença. MÉTODOS: Pacientes chagásicos de diferentes formas clínicas foram submetidos a uma entrevista qualitativa sobre atividades laborais atuais e pregressas, privilegiando informações sobre a representatividade da doença nessa área. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 103 pacientes, com média de 61,43 anos de idade, 64,8% mulheres, 66,99% com Ensino Fundamental e distribuídos nas seguintes formas clínicas: 50,49% cardíacos; 32,04% indeterminados; 11,65% neurovegetativos e 5,83% na forma mista. Estavam aposentados 57,43% e 6,93% estavam afastados - destes, 37,31% atribuíam essa situação à doença de Chagas e 25,37% deles estavam na forma indeterminada. Trabalhavam em serviços gerais 77,55%,11,76% frequentaram um curso técnico e 44% começaram a trabalhar com menos de 10 anos, principalmente na agricultura.Nunca estiveram vinculados ao Instituto nacional do Seguro Social 27,72% da amostra. A renda mensal familiar esteve entre um e quatro salários mínimos em 90,20%; e 41,18% dos entrevistados contribuíam com mais de 50% para essa renda.Para 91,92%, nunca foi solicitada sorologia em processos seletivos,mas 8,91% perderam oportunidade de emprego por serem chagásicos...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: After 1950, people from endemic areas of Chagas disease have migrated to large cities, but they were unprepared for the offered jobs there. Many of them were sick and had to be retired younger. We aimed to search for the working and social condition of these patients and we want to draw a profile that show us the social, occupational and the physical barriers faced by them. METHODS: Patients with Chagas disease different clinical forms have undergone a qualitative interview about present and past industrial activities.We have emphasized information on the representativeness of the disease in this area. RESULTS: We have interviewed 103 patients, mean age of 61.43 years, 64.8 % women, 66.99% with primary education. They were distributed in the following clinical forms: 50.49% cardiac patients, 32.04% indeterminateform patients, 11.65% neurovegetative form patients and 5.83%in a mixed form patients. 57.43 % were retired and 6.93 % were excused from work - 37.31 % of them attributed this situation to Chagas disease and 25.37% of them were classified in the indeterminate form. 77.55 % worked in general services, 11.76% attended a technical course and 44% began working with less than 10 years old, mainly in agricultural works. 27.72% have never been subject to a social security institution. The monthly family income was between one and four minimum wages in 90.20% and 41.18% of respondents contributed over 50% for this income. In 91.92% of the patients, Chagas disease serology was never requested in selection processes, but 8.91% lost jobs opportunities because of the disease...