ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivos Avaliar a saúde mental dos estudantes, estratégias defensivas, fontes de estresse e alívio associadas a diferentes processos educacionais. Método Estudo qualitativo e transversal realizado em fevereiro de 2014 por meio de grupos focais e questionário semiestruturado com 78 estudantes do terceiro semestre de duas escolas médicas numa mesma universidade pública: uma com 53 anos, na capital, com modelo de ensino tradicional, e a outra com três anos, no interior,com modelo de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP). Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados sociodemográficos, psicoemocionais e processo educacional do questionário e análise de conteúdo temática, além de interpretação psicodinâmica dos dados dos grupos focais. Resultados Responderam ao questionário 38 alunos da escola tradicionale 40 daABP, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (52,6%), com idade 22+2 anos e solteiros (85%). Dois grupos focais com oito alunos de cada escola revelaram motivações, fontes de estresse e de alívio semelhantes entre os alunos, porém sofrimento psíquico menor nos alunos da ABP, que também referiram maior aproximação de seus professores e pactuação das tarefas. Conclusão O processo educacional foi associado a sofrimento psíquico por alunos de ambos os grupos.
ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate student mental health, defensive strategies, sources of stress, and relief associated with different educational processes. Methods A qualitative and cross-sectional study was carried out in February 2014 through focus groups and semi-structured questionnaireson 78 students in the 3rd semester at two medical schools in the same public university: one with a 53-year history based in the state capital and that uses traditional teaching models, and the other founded only 3 years ago, located in the interior of the state and using Problem Based Learning (PBL). We carried out a descriptive analysis of the dataemergent from the questionnaire andperformed thematic content analysis, along with a psychodynamicinterpretationof data fromfocus groups. Results 38 students from the traditional school and 40 students from the PBL school answered the questionnaire. Most were men(52.6%) aged 22+2years and single(85%). Twofocus groups with8students fromeach schoolrevealedsimilar motivations, sources of stress andreliefamong students, but less psychological distresswas registered inPBLstudents,who reported greatercloseness with teachersand agreementon tasks. Conclusion Educationalprocesseswere associated withpsychological distress amongstudentsin both groups.
ABSTRACT
Schistosomiasis mansoni affects the hepatic functional reserve. Clinical treatment with oxamniquine is not 100 percent effective and there has been found strain of this parasite resistant to this drug. The aims of this investigation were: (1) to examine the presence of residual parasite burden after medical and surgical treatment on adolescents with surgical schistosomiasis mansoni and (2) to assess the effect on the hepatic functional reserve in patients with and without residual infection. Twenty nine children with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni and bleeding esophageal varices were treated with oxamniquine. They underwent splenectomy, ligature of the left gastric vein and autologous implantation of spleen tissue into the greater omentum. After a mean post-operative follow up of five years they underwent rectal biopsy for schistosomotic egg search. They were divided in patients with and without infection. In 20 patients the submucosal egg search was negative, however, in 9 it was positive. The hepatic functional reserve in the patients without infection was as follows: 17 were Child-Pugh A and 3 Child-Pugh B. In the patients who were still infected 6 were Child-Pugh A and 3 Child-Pugh B. The chi2 analysis of the hepatic functional reserve showed chi2 = 3.19 - p= 0.07. From the results the following conclusion can be drawn: residual infection or reinfection in the follow up period had not interfered with the distribution of the hepatic functional reserve of the patients in this series. However, there was a trend for a decrease of this parameter in patients with residual infection