ABSTRACT
Introduction: Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate reconstruction is an option for the treatment of breast cancer or for risk-reducing surgery. This technique offers good aesthetic results without compromising oncological safety. Robotic nipple sparing mastectomy (RNSM) was first described in 2015 and has been executed in various centers ever since, but the costeffectiveness and oncological safety of this technique are still questioned. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to critically review the literature and discuss the feasibility, advantages and limitations of robotic breast surgery. Methods: Search in PubMed database for publications related to "robotic breast surgery". Selection and review of relevant articles, and analysis of results from these studies. Results: Our search comprised the period between 2015 and 2019. The rates of complications were low and the learning curve is apparently rapid, though there is still a lack of data involving cost-effectiveness. Conclusions: RNSM with immediate reconstruction is a great advance in the surgical treatment for breast cancer. Cost-effectiveness and oncological safety must still be accessed through randomized clinical trials. KEYWORDS: breast neoplasms; robotic surgical procedures;
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Despite many advances in the characterization of the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), the diagnosis of this syndrome poses a significant challenge, while delays or diagnostic mistakes may impact the proper clinical management of these patients. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical profile at first evaluation of a sample of patients with bvFTD from a specialized outpatient neurological unit, with emphasis on the analysis of the delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis.METHODS: We selected 31 patients that fulfilled international consensus criteria for possible or probable bvFTD. Patients' medical admission sheets were thoroughly reviewed. RESULTS: Patients' mean age was 67.9±8.2 years; 16 (51.6%) were men. Mean number of years of formal education was 7.7±4.0 years. Mean age at onset was 62.2±7.7 years, indicating a mean of 5.8 years of diagnostic delay. Thirteen patients (41.9%) presented with initial behavioral complaints only, eleven patients (35.5%) had mixed behavioral and memory complaints, five patients (16.1%) presented with memory complaints only, and two patient (6.4%) had behavioral and speech problems. Nine patients (29%) were admitted with alternative diagnoses. Mean and standard deviation scores for the mini-mental state examination, animal category fluency and memory test for drawings (five-minute delayed recall) were 19.3±6.3, 8.3±4.1 and 3.7±2.7, respectively. CONCLUSION: Most patients from this sample were evaluated almost six years after the onset of symptoms and performed poorly on both cognitive screening tests and functional evaluation measures.
INTRODUÇÃO:Apesar dos avanços na caracterização da variante comportamental da demência frontotemporal (vcDFT), o diagnóstico da síndrome apresenta-se desafiador e atrasos ou erros diagnósticos podem prejudicar o tratamento adequado aos pacientes. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil clínico à primeira avaliação de pacientes com vcDFT de uma unidade neurológica ambulatorial especializada, com ênfase na análise do atraso entre o início dos sintomas e diagnóstico. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 31 pacientes que preencheram os critérios internacionais para vcDFT possível ou provável. As fichas de admissão foram minuciosamente revisadas. RESULTADOS: A média de idade dos pacientes foi 67,9±8,2 anos; 16 (51,6%) eram homens. A média de anos de escolaridade foi de 7,7±4,0 anos. A média de idade de início dos sintomas foi 62,2±7,7 anos, indicando um atraso diagnóstico médio de 5,8 anos. Treze pacientes (41,9%) apresentaram-se com apenas queixas comportamentais, onze pacientes (35,5%) tinham queixas amnésticas e comportamentais, cinco pacientes (16,1%) apresentaram-se apenas com queixas de perda de memória, e dois pacientes (6,4%) com problemas de fala e comportamentais. Nove pacientes (29%) foram admitidos com diagnósticos alternativos. A média e desvio-padrão dos escores do mini-exame do estado mental, fluência verbal de animais e teste de memória de figuras (evocação em cinco minutos) foram 19,3±6,3, 8,3±4,1 e 3,7±2,7, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes da amostra foi avaliada após uma média de quase seis anos de início dos sintomas e apresentaram baixo desempenho nos testes cognitivos e nas medidas de avaliação funcional.