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2.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 94(1): 79-85, ene.-mar. 2024. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556896

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes: En México aún es muy poco conocida la epidemiología de la insuficiencia cardiaca, sin embargo se sabe que la principal causa de ingresos hospitalarios en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca es la congestión pulmonar y sistémica. Objetivo: Estimar el estado de congestión y evaluar la función cardiaca mediante el ultrasonido portátil en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca tratados en un centro de tercer nivel en México. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional transversal. Se seleccionaron pacientes que acudieron a la Clínica de Insuficiencia Cardiaca del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez en la Ciudad de México entre mayo y agosto de 2022. Se les sometió a una evaluación ultrasonográfica mediante un dispositivo portátil para valorar la congestión pulmonar y sistémica, así como la función y estructura cardiaca. Resultados: Se incluyeron de forma prospectiva 100 pacientes diagnosticados con insuficiencia cardiaca en el periodo de estudio. El 76% fueron hombres, con una edad mediana de 59 años (RIQ: 50-68 años). La mediana del FEVI registrada fue del 34% (RIQ: 27.0-43.5%). Al evaluar la congestión pulmonar, el 78% de los pacientes presentaron un patrón A y el 22% un patrón B. Siguiendo el protocolo VExUS, el 92% de los pacientes mostraron un grado 0, el 2% un grado 1 y el 6% un grado 2. Conclusiones: El uso del ultrasonido portátil facilitó la caracterización cuantitativa de las características ecocardiográficas de la población estudiada. Este dispositivo podría ofrecer una mejor caracterización clínica que, a su vez, permita una optimización en la prescripción de medicamentos para la insuficiencia cardiaca y el ajuste de dosis de diuréticos según los hallazgos ecocardiográficos de congestión.


Abstract Background: In Mexico, the epidemiology of heart failure is still not well understood. However, it is known that the primary cause of hospital admissions in patients with heart failure is pulmonary and systemic congestion. Objective: To estimate congestion status and assess cardiac function using portable ultrasound in patients with heart failure. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Patients who attended the Heart Failure Clinic at the Ignacio Chávez National Cardiology Institute in Mexico City between May and August 2022 were selected. They underwent ultrasonographic evaluation using a portable device to assess pulmonary and systemic congestion, as well as cardiac function and structure. Results: One-hundred patients diagnosed with heart failure were prospectively included during the study period; 76% were male, with an average age of 59 years (range: 50-68 years). The recorded LVEF median was 34% (IQR: 27-43.5%). When evaluating pulmonary congestion, 78% of the patients showed a pattern A and 22% a pattern B. Following the VExUS protocol, 92% of the patients were at grade 0, 2% at grade 1, and 6% at grade 2. Conclusions: The use of the portable ultrasound facilitated the quantitative characterization of the echocardiographic features of the studied population. This device could provide better clinical characterization which, in turn, might allow for optimized drug prescription for heart failure and dose adjustments of diuretics based on echocardiographic congestion findings.

3.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 59(1): 139-142, 2024. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559617

ABSTRACT

Abstract Clavicle fracture represents 5% of the fractures in adults. However, segmental clavicle fractures are infrequent and have been understudied in the current literature. Cases have been reported showing adequate results with both surgical and conservative management, and yet, it has not been possible to reach a consensus regarding diagnosis or management of such condition. A patient with a middle and lateral segmental clavicle fracture is reported, after presenting multiple trauma in a road traffic accident, also suffering trauma to the right hemi body, multiple rib segmental fractures and hemothorax. After stabilization, he was taken to surgery for open reduction and internal fixation of the clavicle using a double plate technique, as it has been rarely described in the literature. The functional result was shown to be adequate and satisfactory in the postoperative follow-up. Despite the limited evidence available on the management of this type of pathology, surgical management is a valid option given the risk of non-union. The foregoing is concluded by the potential harm in patient functionality.


Resumo A fratura de clavícula representa 5% das fraturas em adultos. No entanto, as fraturas segmentares da clavícula são infrequentes e pouco estudadas na literatura atual. Há relatos de casos com bons resultados após o tratamento cirúrgico ou conservador, mas não existe consenso quanto ao diagnóstico ou manejo dessas lesões. Relata-se um paciente com fratura segmentar média e lateral da clavícula após politraumatismo em acidente de trânsito. O paciente também apresentava traumatismo em hemicorpo direito, múltiplas fraturas segmentares da costela e do hemotórax. Após estabilização, ele foi encaminhado à cirurgia para redução aberta e fixação interna da clavícula pela técnica de placa dupla, raramente descrita na literatura. O resultado funcional foi considerado satisfatório e adequado no acompanhamento pós-operatório. Apesar das poucas evidências sobre o manejo desse tipo de patologia, o tratamento cirúrgico é uma opção válida devido ao risco de não união, apesar da possível diminuição da funcionalidade do paciente.

4.
An. Fac. Med. (Peru) ; 83(4)oct. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420044

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Es un concepto generalizado que las infecciones respiratorias son estacionales, pero pocas veces se precisan localmente estos períodos de alta frecuencia en un país con diversidad de climas. Anticipar la temporada de neumonía a nivel local puede proveer de un mejor uso de recursos críticos. Objetivo. Examinar la variabilidad estacional en defunciones mensuales por neumonía en el Perú. Métodos. Estudio observacional retrospectivo de análisis de serie de tiempo para identificar períodos de alta mortalidad por neumonía en siete ciudades del Perú. Se revisaron registros administrativos del Ministerio de Salud sobre defunciones por neumonía durante los años 2003-2017. Se calcularon estadísticas descriptivas y se analizó mediante una serie de tiempo a escala mensual la frecuencia de defunciones por neumonía, precipitación acumulada, y la temperatura ambiental máxima y mínima. Resultados. El 94,4% de las defunciones por neumonía (N = 166 844) reportaron como causa "organismo no especificado", y el 75,6% eran adultos mayores de 65 años. En Tarma, Arequipa y Cusco la temperatura mínima tiene una correlación negativa con las defunciones por neumonía en todas las edades y al menos uno de los grupos de riesgo. En Iquitos la temperatura mínima tiene una correlación positiva con las defunciones en menores de 5 años. Pucallpa y Cajamarca no tuvieron correlaciones significativas. El clima de Lima es un caso particular. La distribución durante el año de las muertes por neumonía sugiere una secuencia norte-sur, mientras que el análisis espaciotemporal del clima sugiere un patrón que va de sur-norte. Conclusión. Existen diferentes patrones estacionales en diferentes ciudades y grupos de riesgo.


Introduction. It is generally accepted that respiratory infections are seasonal, but high-frequency periods are rarely identified at the local level in a country with diverse climates. Anticipating the pneumonia season locally can provide a better use of critical resources. Objective. The aim of the study was to examine seasonal variability in monthly deaths due to pneumonia in Peru. Methods. Observational retrospective study using time series analysis to identify periods of high pneumonia mortality in seven cities in Peru. We reviewed administrative reports from the Ministry of Health for pneumonia deaths during 2003-2017. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a time series analysis at a monthly scale was performed on the frequency of deaths due to pneumonia, cumulative rainfall, and maximum and minimum environmental temperatures. Results. 94.4% of pneumonia deaths (N = 166,844) were reported as pneumonia due to "unspecified organism", and 75.6% were adults older than 65 years. In the cities of Tarma, Arequipa and Cusco, minimum ambient temperature is negatively correlated to pneumonia deaths in all age groups and at least one risk group. In Iquitos, minimum temperature is positively correlated with deaths among children under 5 years of age. The cities of Pucallpa and Cajamarca reported no statistically significant correlation. The climate in Lima is a peculiar case. The distribution of pneumonia deaths throughout the year suggests a north-south sequence, while the climate space-time analysis suggests a south-north pattern. Conclusion. Results show different seasonal patterns for pneumonia deaths in different cities and risk groups.

5.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 57(4): 577-583, Jul.-Aug. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1394869

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective The present study assesses the results of a minimally invasive surgical technique for acute and chronic ankle instability management. Methods The present case series study retrospectively evaluated 40 patients undergoing arthroscopic-assisted percutaneous ankle ligament reconstruction from 2013 to 2019. Results The present study included 17 males and 23 females with an average age of 38.3 years old. Postintervention follow-up using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot scores identified improvement of > 30 points in function and pain control. The most frequently occurring associated injuries were osteochondral (35%). No patient required reintervention or had infection during follow-up. Conclusion The technique in the present study is easy and achieves satisfactory results for function and pain control. Level of Evidence IV.


Resumo Objetivo O presente estudo avalia os resultados de uma técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva para o manejo da instabilidade aguda e crônica do tornozelo. Métodos O presente estudo de uma série de casos avaliou retrospectivamente 40 pacientes submetidos à reconstrução percutânea assistida por artroscopia do ligamento do tornozelo entre 2013 e 2019. Resultados O estudo incluiu 17 homens e 23 mulheres com idade média de 38,3 anos. O acompanhamento pós-intervenção utilizou a pontuação American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS, na sigla em inglês). As pontuações do tornozelo-retropé identificaram melhora > 30 pontos na função e no controle da dor. As lesões associadas mais frequentes foram as osteocondrais (35%). Nenhum paciente precisou de reintervenção ou teve infecção durante o acompanhamento. Conclusão A técnica do presente estudo é fácil e consegue resultados satisfatórios para a função e o controle da dor. Nível de Evidência IV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arthroscopy/methods , Subtalar Joint , Joint Instability/therapy , Ligaments, Articular/physiopathology , Ankle Joint/surgery
6.
Rev. colomb. ortop. traumatol ; 35(2): 198-203, 2021. ilus.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1378613

ABSTRACT

La presentación de poliartritis séptica en un paciente inmunocompetente es infrecuente, aún más lo es la presentación de la mencionada junto con fascitis necrotizante en el contexto de infección por Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP). Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años, recluido, sin antecedentes médicos relevantes, inmunocompetente, quien debuta con un cuadro clínico de poliartritis séptica en rodilla bilateral y tobillo izquierdo. Recibe manejo con múltiples lavados y desbridamientos quirúrgicos, desarrolla fascitis necrotizante de la cara posterior de la pierna izquierda, recibe a su vez manejo quirúrgico para dicha condición (incluyendo aplicación de terapia de vacío), al igual que antibioticoterapia enfocada al manejo del germen aislado (Penicilina + vancomicina). Sin embargo, tras un mes de manejo conjunto con servicios de Cirugía Plástica, Dermatología, Ortopedia, así como vigilancia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, termina con un desenlace fatal tras presentar falla multiorgánica. La infección por el SP puede resultar en una elevada morbilidad para él paciente e incluso un desenlace mortal secundario a un compromiso sistémico de muy difícil manejo. El diagnóstico oportuno, así como un tratamiento médico y quirúrgico agresivo pueden no ser suficientes para el control de la infección, incluso en pacientes sin compromiso inmunológico previo. Asimismo, un enfoque multidisciplinario debe corresponder al estándar de manejo con el fin de controlar aquellas condiciones predisponentes de infección. Este es el primer caso reportado en la literatura nacional en relación con estas dos fatales condiciones. Finalmente se pretende resaltar que a pesar de que esta infección suele comprometer infantes y pacientes inmunocomprometidos, no se debe obviar su diagnóstico en pacientes previamente sanos, especialmente en casos de infecciones de rápida diseminación y poca respuesta al manejo adecuado.


Septic polyarthritis in an immunocompetent patient is highly rare, even more when it coexists with necrotizing fasciitis caused by Streptococcus Pyogenes (SP). A 54 year old, immunocompetent male patient is presented herein. The patient had no relevant previous illness, before the installation of a septic arthritis of both knees and he's left ankle. He receives treatment with sequential surgical debridement, then develops necrotizing fasciitis of the posterior aspect of the left leg requiring adequate treatment for such condition (including Vacuum Assisted Closure), as well as antibiotic therapy for the specific infecting microorganism (Penicillin + Vancomycin). Nonetheless, after a month of surgical management between Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, Orthopaedics as well as surveillance in the Intensive Care Unit, the patient dies after multi organic failure. Infection caused by SP might entail high morbidity for a patient and even end with death of the aforementioned caused by a hard to manage systemic organic failure. The adequate diagnosis, as well as aggressive medical and surgical management could not be enough for controlling the infection, even in patients without previous immunological compromise. At the same time, a multidisciplinary approach must be the standard of treatment, aiming to control predisposing infectious conditions. This is the first case reported in national literature related to these two fatal conditions. Finally, one of the purposes of this report is to highlight that despite reports of this microorganism infecting infants and immunocompromised patients, it must not be obviated in healthy patients, especially in cases of rapidly spreading infection and scarce response to adequate management.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Arthritis, Infectious , Arthritis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Fasciitis, Necrotizing , Adult
7.
Rev. argent. microbiol ; 50(2): 131-135, jun. 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1041805

ABSTRACT

Alfa toxina, una proteína formadora de poros con actividad citotóxica, es uno de los principales factores de virulencia secretados por la mayoría de las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus. Se ha establecido la relevancia de esta proteína en la patogenia de la neumonía asociada a infecciones por S. aureus. Por lo tanto, la inhibición de la secreción de alfa toxina puede ser una alternativa en el control de las infecciones causadas por este microorganismo. En este trabajo mostramos que quercetina, un flavonoide de origen natural, inhibe de manera dosis dependiente la actividad hemolítica y disminuye la secreción de alfa toxina en sobrenadantes de cultivos de S. aureus sensible y resistente a meticilina. Además, quercetina previene de manera significativa el daño de células alveolares humanas cuando se co-cultivan con S. aureus. Nuestros datos sugieren que quercetina puede disminuir la virulencia de S. aureus al afectar la secreción de alfa toxina.


Alpha toxin, a pore-forming protein with cytotoxic activity, is one of the major virulence factors secreted by most strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The relevance of this protein in the pathogenesis of pneumonia associated with S. aureus infections has already been esta blished. Therefore, inhibiting alpha toxin secretion can be an alternative for controlling these infections. This study shows that quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, inhibits hemolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner and reduces alpha toxin secretion in culture supernatants of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Furthermore, quercetin significantly prevents damage to human alveolar cells when co-cultured with S. aureus. Our results suggest that quercetin can reduce S. aureus virulence by affecting alpha-toxin secretion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quercetin , Staphylococcus aureus , Antioxidants , Quercetin/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Bacterial Toxins/metabolism , Virulence , Virulence Factors , Hemolysin Proteins , Antioxidants/pharmacology
8.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 20(6): 610-618, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-828160

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of binding various biological targets with high affinity and specificity. Their identification initially relies on a molecular process named SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment) that has been later modified in order to improve aptamer sensitivity, minimize duration and cost of the assay, as well as increase target types. Several biochemical modifications can help to enhance aptamer stability without affecting significantly target interaction. As a result, aptamers have generated a large interest as promising tools to compete with monoclonal antibodies for detection and inhibition of specific markers of human diseases. One aptamer-based drug is currently authorized and several others are being clinically evaluated. Despite advances in the knowledge of parasite biology and host-parasite interactions from "omics" data, protozoan parasites still affect millions of people around the world and there is an urgent need for drug target discovery and novel therapeutic concepts. In this context, aptamers represent promising tools for pathogen identification and control. Recent studies have reported the identification of "aptasensors" for parasite diagnosis, and "intramers" targeting intracellular proteins. Here we discuss various strategies that have been employed for intracellular expression of aptamers and expansion of their possible application, and propose that they may be suitable for the clinical use of aptamers in parasitic infections.


Subject(s)
Humans , Parasitic Diseases/diagnosis , Parasitic Diseases/therapy , Aptamers, Nucleotide/genetics , SELEX Aptamer Technique/methods , Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods , Parasitic Diseases/prevention & control , Biomarkers/analysis
9.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 11(3): 263-8, jul.-sept. 1985.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-103973

ABSTRACT

Se describen los resultados del tratamiento con citrato de clomifeno en 412 pacientes estériles anovuladoras. Se realizaron 1.108 ciclos de tratamiento y se logró un total de 135 embarazadas, 122 de ellos sencillos y 8 gemelares (59,9%). El síndrome de hiper-estimulación ovárica se presentó en 6 pacientes (4,4%) y 5 abortaron precozmente (3,7%). Presentaron amenorrea 110 pacientes; de ellas 73(65,9%) respondieron a la terapéutica com menstruaciones regulares y 17 embarazos (23;6%)


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , Clomiphene/therapeutic use , Infertility, Female/drug therapy , Clomiphene/adverse effects , Clomiphene/pharmacology
10.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 11(3): 269-73, jul.-sept. 1985.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-103974

ABSTRACT

Se utilizó el tratamiento combinado de citrato de clonifeno más HCG en pacientes que no habían respondido al clomifeno. Con este esquema de tratamiento se obtuvieron 9 embarazos (12,4%), todos a término. No hubo abortos, partos pretérmino ni embarazos múltiples. En 110 paciente se utilizó la combinación en forma primaria. En 454 ciclos de tratamiento se logró un total de 24 embarazos (21,8%)


Subject(s)
Chorionic Gonadotropin/therapeutic use , Clomiphene/therapeutic use , Infertility, Female/drug therapy , Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology , Clomiphene/pharmacology , Drug Therapy, Combination
11.
Rev. cuba. obstet. ginecol ; 11(2): 242-6, abr.-jun. 1985.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-28884

ABSTRACT

Se descubren los resultados de la utilización combinada y secuencial del citrato de clomifeno + HMG, en 84 pacientes anovuladoras. Se lograron 21 embarazos [25%], de ellos, 17 partos [20,2%], 3 abortos del primer trimestre [3,5%] y 1 embarazo ectópico [1,1%], 6 pacientes presentaron el síndrome de hiperestimulación ovárica. La menstruación era regular en 63 pacientes [75%], y 21 presentaron amenorrea [25%], que respondieron al tratamiento con regulación de sus ciclos menstruales


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anovulation/drug therapy , Chorionic Gonadotropin/administration & dosage , Clomiphene/administration & dosage , Menotropins/administration & dosage , Ovulation Induction , Drug Therapy, Combination
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