Prevalence of the nosocomial infection and risk factors

The prevalence of the nosocomial infection was 6, 7%, in the first study done at the University hospital center. The results were considered as underestimated. This study was done to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with to create a new strategy against NI in this UHC. A cross sectional study was conducted. All the patients hospitalized the day of the study in this establishment were included and were examined to look for NI. The following risk factors were also looked for: the presence of a catheter, a urinary sound and surgical intervention. The statistical analysis was carried out using the software Epi info version 6. Chi-square test was used for comparing categorical data, and the Student's t-test for comparing the means. Significance was taken as P < 0.05. 276 patients were hospitalized the day of the study. Sex Ratio [Men/Women] was 0.92. The average age was 35.25 +/- 21 years with [0 - 84]. More than a third of the investigated patients [40.9%] had surgery and 36.2% of them had a vascular catheter, 13.8% had a urinary sound and 4.3% benefited from artificial ventilation. The prevalence of NI was 11.2% in all departments. 79, 3% of patients got NI on the same day of study and in the same hospitalised department The two main factors associated with the occurance of NI were surgicl operations [p = 0.04] and duration of hospitalisation [15 days or more] [p = 0, 002]. The results between the present and previous study [2004 and 2006 respectively] shows a significant increase of the NI prevalence [p = 0, 036]. The results of this study 2006 allowed estimating the NI prevalence evolution with a more relevant collection of data, consequently, a rational and adequate decision-taking

[Prevalence and risk factors for nosocomial infections in Hassan II University Hospital, Fes, Morocco]

We determined the prevalence and risk factors for nosocomial infection at Hassan II university hospital and the causative microorganisms among 282 inpatients. The mean duration of hospitalization was 16.4 [SD = 15] days. The prevalence of nosocomial infection was 6.7%. Infections at the site of the operation were the commonest. No catheter-related infection was noted. The main organisms isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The occurrence of a nosocomial infection was significantly associated with surgical operation [P = 0.005], presence of urinary catheter [P = 0.002] and length of hospital stay greater than 3 weeks [P = 0.04]

Clinical trial practices: methodological and ethical aspects

The objective of this article is to review the methodology of controlled clinical trial, the protocol construction stages and their various ethical aspects. Controlled clinical trial is an experiment plant in which two contemporary groups of patients are compared in a forward-looking way, the first one is treated by the reference treatment [controlled group] and the other one if treated by the new treatment [tested group]. The allocation of treatments must be unpredictable and the follow-up of the patients makes blind with regard to the received treatment. These principles constitute the methodological frame of the controlled clinical trial which can not be approached under its only methodological or statistical angle. But also through an ethical serious reflexion worldwide especially with the fast progress of biologic sciences and medical techniques. In Morocco, the rule of the medicines is governed mainly by the Ministry of Health which has to assure security and the sanitary safety of the citizens. It is responsible for all the politics of medicines in Morocco and all their aspects. The realization of the bio equivalence and bio availability trials are two criteria which are darkened from the at present current texts. The accompanying measures of the implementation of these trials for example: universal principles in person's protection, the Good Practices of Medicine's manufacture, the Good Clinical Practices, the Good Practices of Laboratory are not foreseen either by the current rule