Opportunistic protozoan parasites in heart transplant donor patients

Protozoa are among the most important pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. These microorganisms particularly infect individuals with impaired cellular immunity such as those with heart transplant patients using high doses of corticosteroids. The protozoa that most frequently cause disease in immunocompromised patient are, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Trypanosoma Cruzi, Babesia microtti and Plasmodium falciparum can cause acute meningoencephalitis, acute myocarditis, hepatospleenomegaly, pnemonia, chronic diarrhea and bone marrow, Lung, hepatic, spleen involvement. There are various, serological parasitological histological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of these infections. Owing to the increasing number of transplantation we expect increased occurrence of opportunistic infections. For this review article we have searched through the sites pubmed and google by the following keywords: protozoa, infection, heart transplant. We have found over 30 related article. In heart transplant recipient patient protozoan pathogen are terrible life thretening so it is important to take into consideration the use of choice drugs and preventive methods as earlier as possible

[Efficacy of different immunization methods against leishmania parasite in order to prophylaxis of leishmaniasis]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease with different clinical manifestation produced by the genus leishmania. Eradication of the disease has proven to be difficult. Chemotherapy has only a modest effect and there is no effective and safe vaccine against any from of clinical leishmaniasis. However, individuals who recovered naturally from infection develop strong immunity against reinfection suggesting that vaccination against leishmaniasis is feasible

Materials and Methods: This study is a review article and is based on more than 30 articles about prophylaxis of leishmaniasis during recent five years

Results: In 2002 year several studies in different countries about leishmania major suggesting as a whole use of LACK antigen with IL-1 2 adjuvant mix antigens lack and MIDGE* Mix antigens lack+Lmsti 1 +TSA *Mix surface antigens Imstil+TSA+Leif=Leish 111f. *Mix leish 111f + IL-12 or Leish 111f + MPA+SLA have high efficient protective immune response but the result of study in Brazil at that time about meta 1 gene is not effective. In 2003 year several studies in different country shows the use of ODN, CPG, ALM and BOG as a adjuvant and the role of dendritic cells with IL-12 in generation of protective is very important meanwhile increase of GM-CSF * antigen recombinant Histone synthesized * Role of CD4* with CD8* the effective of NF Kappabeta cells in induction of Th1 * The use of two different adjuvant ODN, GPO with alive parasite and Man 5-DPPE coated liposomes to induce cellular immunity against parasite is important also. In 2003 studies about Leishmania infantum shows that use of IL-18 with lL-12 * Lack + DNA P36 antigens* P80 antigen * Mix antigens GP63 + CP+LPG induced Type 1 response against parasite

[Efficacy of different immunization methods against leishmania parasite in order to prophylaxis of leishmaniasis]

Background: Leishmaniasis is a disease with different clinical manifestation produced by the genus leishmania. Eradication of the disease has proven to be difficult. Chemotherapy has only a modest effect and there is no effective and safe vaccine against any from of clinical leishmaniasis. How ever, individuals who recovered naturally from infection develop strong immunity against reinfection suggesting that vaccination against leishmaniasis is feasible

Materials and Methods: This study is a review article and is based on more than 30 articles about prophylaxis of leishmaniasis during recent five years

Results: In 2002 year several studies in different countries about leishmania major suggesting as a whole use of LACK antigen with IL-12 adjuvant mix antigens lack and MIDGE* Mix antigens lack+Lmsti 1+TSA *Mix surface antigens lmstil+TSA+Leif=Leish 111f. *Mix leish 111f + IL-12 or Leish 111f + MPA+SLA have high efficient protective immune response but the result of study in Brazil at that time about meta 1 gene is not effective. In 2003 year several studies in different country shows the use of ODN, CPG, ALM and BCG as a adjuvant and the role of dendritic cells with IL-12 in generation of protective is very important meanwhile increase of GM-CSF * antigen recombinant Histone synthesized * Role of C04* with C08* the effective of NF Kappabeta cells in induction of Th1* The use of two different adjuvant ODN, GPC with alive parasite and Man 5-DPPE coated liposomes to induce cellular immunity against parasite is important also. In 2003 studies about Leishmania infantum shows that use of IL-18 with IL-12 * Lack + DNA P36 antigens* P80 antigen * Mix antigens GP63 + CP+LPG induced Type 1 response against parasite

[Opportunistic protozoan parasites in heart transplant donor patients]

Background: Protozoa are among the most important pathogens that can cause infections in immunocompromised hosts. These microorganisms particularly infect individuals with impaired cellular immunity such as those with heart transplant patients which using high doses of corticosteroids. The protozoa that most frequently cause disease in immunocompromised patient are, Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Trypanosoma Cruzi , Babesia microtti and Plasmodium falciparum can cause acute meningoencephalitis, acute myocarditis, hepatospleenomegally, pnemonia, chronic diarrhea and bone marrow, Lung, hepatic, spleen involvement. There are various, serological parasitological histological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of these infection. Owing to the increasing number of transplantation we expect increase occurring opportunistic infections

Materials and Methods: For this review article we have searched through the sites pubmed and google by the following keywords: protozoa, infection, heart transplant. We have found over than 30 related article

Results and Conclusions: In heart transplant recipient patient protozoan pathogen are terrible life tretening so it is important to take into the consideration the using of choice drugs and preventive methods as earlier as possible