[Comparison the effect of two methods, patient controlled analgesia and intramuscular injection after abdominal surgery in patients admitted to Amir Al Momenin hospital in Ahwaz]

70 percent of patients experience the pain after surgery as the most common complication. Lack of pain relief after surgery can lead to surgical complications, prolonged duration of hospitalization and delayed recovery. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of two methods, patient controlled analgesia and intramuscular injection inpatients after abdominal surgery. This clinical trial study was conducted through convenience sampling on 60 patients referred to Amir Al Momenin hospital for abdominal surgery in Ahwaz in 2010. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups [30 in each group] of patient's controlling their pain through infusion pump [intervention group] and intramuscular injection [control group]. For gathering data demographic information form and the visual analog scale VAS were used. Pain severity and analgesic drug consumption was assessed every 6 hours during 24 hours after surgery. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16, repeated measures ANOVA test. There was a significant difference between the two groups in relation to the mean of pain severity and the extent of drug consumption after abdominal surgery, where as the pain level in the intervention group was less than the control group [P=0.03], but the mean of drug consumption in the intervention group was more than the control group [P<0.001]. According to study findings, education of patient controlled analgesia can be effective way to reduce pain after surgery, thus this method will be had a critical role in promotion of quality of nursing care and increasing of patient communication with staff.

[Effect of aromatherapy on anxiety level among preoperative patients]

Surgery can cause high levels of anxiety in patients. Preoperative anxiety can increase postoperative pain and need for postoperative analgesia, delay wound healing and increase stay in hospital. Nurses often look for ways to help control anxiety following surgery and disease. Aromatherapy is currently recognized as a complementary therapy and tool holistic nursing care in many countries that may help patients and lower their anxiety. The aim of this study was evaluation the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on level of anxiety in patient before abdominal and heart surgery. This research is a randomized clinical trial on 72 preoperative patients who admitted to Golestan and Emam Khomeini hospitals in Ahvaz city in 2008. Patients divided in two groups; first group took inhalation aromatherapy with lavender oil and second group took water vapor as inhalation placebo. The level of anxiety evaluated by Spielberger's State Anxiety questionnaire before and after intervention and vital sign documented. The data were analyzed by t and chi square tests. The results of study showed that mean of anxiety rate before intervention in inhalation aromatherapy group was 51.00 +/- 8.94 and after intervention decreased to 38.61 +/- 9.79, whiles this mean before placebo group was 50.67 +/- 9.69 and after, received to 49.53 +/- 9.37. Statical paires t-test reveals no significant difference between mean before intervention in two groups [P=0.88], but after intervention the result showed significant statistic difference between them [p=0.001]. The findings imply that inhalation aromatherapy decreased anxiety in preoperative patients and can use as a complementary therapy