ABSTRACT
Background: It is hypothesized that the duodenal mucosal damage in patients with celiac disease (CeD) is caused by the mucosa-infiltrating lymphoid cells. This study aimed to analyze the immune effective and regulatory T (Treg) cells in duodenal biopsies from treatment-naive adult patients with CeD having different histological grades and controls. Patients and Methods: Dual-color immunohistochemical staining was done in a total of 234 duodenal biopsies, including 132 controls and 102 adult patients with CeD using CD20, CD3:CD4, CD3:CD8, CD4:FoxP3, CD8:FoxP3, and TCR??:TCR?? antibodies. The density of these lymphoid cells in lamina propria and mucosal epithelium was compared between controls and CeD, with different modified Marsh grades. Results: Densities of CD4+ T cells in lamina propria and CD8+?? intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) were significantly more in biopsies from patients with CeD, than in controls. An increasing linear pattern of IELs, CD3+ T cells, and CD20+ B cells was observed with increasing grades of villous abnormalities. Although CD8+ FoxP3+ Treg cells were significantly more in biopsies from patients with CeD, there was no significant difference in CD4+ FoxP3+ Treg cell infiltrate between both the groups. Conclusion: Our finding in this observational study generates interest to study the local intestinal mucosal immunity in CeD in detail. A study to prove the failure of CD4+ FoxP3+ Treg cell recruitment in CeD and its direct functional impact may yield valuable information regarding loss of mucosal tolerance.
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary Function Tests [PFTs] including spirometry give an important clue in terms of respiratory chronic airway disorders and can predict early damage to pulmonary system. The present study was carried out in 100 diesel taxi drivers [Study group] of Bikaner city and compared it with 100 healthy medicos [control group] in the age group of 20 to 50 years by computerized spirometer. The pulmonary function tests included FVC, FEV[1], FEV[1]/FVC, FEF[25-75%] and PEFR. All subjects were divided into non-smokers and smokers so that influence of smoking on lungs can be studied. The restrictive impairment was found in 87% of study group, of which 50% were smokers and 37% were non-smokers, mixed pattern [both restrictive and early obstructive impairment] was found in only 13% of study group, of which 7% were smokers and 5% non-smokers. When all the above five parameters were taken together, they were indicative of mixed pattern [both restrictive and obstructive] lung impairment