ABSTRACT
Introduction: Nursing is a stressful occupation that its related tensions could affect individual spiritual health. Therefore, defense style against stress is very important for nurses. The aim of this study was comparative defense style used by nursing personnel in stressful situations, in Abadan College of Medical Sciences
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out at the Abadan College of Medical Sciences. The study population consisted of 100 nurses from Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals' that was selected by purposive Sampling method. Data were collected by questionnaires include demographic data and [Defensive Styles Questionnaire-40] that consist of three parts of mature defense style, neurotic and immature. Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was 0.82 and data were analyzed using SPSS/18 software. Appropriate statistical analysis such as one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data
Finding: The results showed that 67.3% of Taleghani Hospitals and 67.2% of Vali-e-asr hospitals' Nurses used mature defense style as defense mechanism. The mean score for mature defense style was 11.55???2.4 which illustrates that most nurses used this type of defense style
Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that most nurses' in front of occupational exposure to stress used appropriate and mature defense mechanisms but around one - third of them used inappropriate defense mechanism. Teaching defense style to nurses to cope with anxiety and stress is suggested for future study work
ABSTRACT
Early detection of malignant and dysplastic lesions has been an aim for clinicians. Although leukoplakia is not associated with any special hystopathologic diagnosis, it is considered as a premalignant or precancerous lesion. Human Papilloma virus especially HPV16 and HPV18 has been detected in many oral leukoplakia lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of HPV and its genotypes 11, 16, 18, 30s and 50s in common leukoplakia, oral hairy leukoplakia, mild dysplasia and compare it with healthy mucosa. Ten samples of each lesion were prepared and fixed in paraffin blocks. After DNA isolation, PCR was done by chelex-100 method. The results were analyzed by SPSS statistical software, Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact test with P Value of 0.05. Seven out of 10 common leukoplakia and OHL, 1 out of mild dysplasia and healthy mucosa were HPV+. Double comparison by Fisher exact revealed that there was a significant difference in frequency distribution of HPV between OHL and healthy mucosa [p=0./01] and also between OHL and Mild dysplasia[p=0./01].The difference between frequency distribution of HPV and of common leukoplakia and healthy mucosa[p=0./01],also between common leukoplakia and mild dysplasia [p=0./01] was significant, the difference between other groups was not significant. Results of the study suggest that there is no significant correlation between infection of HPV subtypes in the evaluated lesions. In other words, no significant relationship was shown between the infection of special subtype of HPV and common leukoplakia, OHL and mild dysplasia. According to the findings of this study, HPV probably has a role in the pathogenesis of leukoplakia.To investigate the role of various subtypes of this virus in leukoplakia lesions, further studies with more samples are needed
ABSTRACT
Macrolide Streptococcus pneumoniae is generally mediated by two mechanisms: 23SrRNA methylation and efflux. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular mechanism of resistance in S.pneumoniae strains isolated from intensive care units in Shiraz. This was a cross-sectional study. 50 strains of S.pneumoniae were obtained from the patients admitted to intensive care units [ICU] of Nemazee and Shahid-Faghihi Hospitals, from 2010 to 2011. Suspected colonies were identified by phenotypical and biochemical tests. Organisms were confirmed to be Streptococcus pneumoniae on the basis of the presence of lytA gene by PCR method. Antibiotic resistance was evaluated according to Standard Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI]. Macrolide resistance genes were identified by use of ermB and mefA specific primers. Using SPSS software, statistical analysis was performed by means of chi-square test. Resistance to erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin levofloxacin were 18%, 48% and 44% respectively. In this study, 25 strains [50%] had mefA and 21 [42%] had ermB genes. Erythromycin resistance had significant relationships with mefA and ermB genes. The results of our study showed that the predominant mechanism of macrolide resistance was due to mefA gene in this area. Increased macrolide resistance calls for attention to the pattern of resistance in the therapeutic regimens
ABSTRACT
Acidosis-hypoxic phenomenon is a valid indicator to determine fetal distress and is defined by mearuring the blood pH of umbilical cord. None of the present screening tests for evaluation of pregnant mothers have acceptable clinical accuracy to assess fetal acidosis. We decided to evaluate the relationshop between fetal well being tests Non-Stress Test [NST], Oxytocin Challenge Test [OCT] and Biophysical Profile [BPP] with APGAR score and the blood pH of umbilical cord. In this case-control study, we enrolled 50 high-risk pregnant women [BPP test positive, OCT positive or non reactive NST] as cases and 50 pregnant women without fetal risk factors as control group. The umbilical cord blood sample was taken immediately after delivery. Some variables such as maternal age, gestational age, parity, NST, OCT, BPP, blood pH of umbilical cord, neonatal weight, sex and APGAR score were evaluated and the data was analyzed by SPSS software. Discrimination between NST with acidosis [P<0.01] was significant in the case and control groups, but in case of OCT with acidosis it was not significant. NST and OCT had low sensitivity [58.3 and 46.5 respectively]. Besides, the relationship between BPP and blood pH of umbilical cord was significant in the case and control groups [P<0.02]. APGAR score of the cases were lower than the control group [P<0.0001]. In evaluation of fetal acidosis, the BPP test is the best screening test comparing to NST and OCT