Force eruption of mandibular second incisor in an 11- year old boy: a technical report

There is a great challenge in the treatment of deeply fractured and un-restorable teeth among dentists. Orthodontic force eruption is a method of treatment for these teeth to preserve natural root system and periodontal structures. This technical report is a new modification of this procedure presented in an 11- year old boy with deeply fractured left second mandibular incisor. The fractured teeth were treated with root canal therapy and a file #80 was modified to become a hook cemented into the fractured tooth Anterior teeth were splinted and used as anchorage to help the root extrusion. 1-year follow up of the tooth showed the convenience of the treatment. This simple and low-cost method can be an acceptable alternative to the current high cost techniques, achieving the same results

[Effects of hull- less barley food diet on the histomorphometric changes of small intestine of adult cocks]

Diet components are one of the determination factors for changing of morphology of small intestines which lead to a change in digestien and absorption of nutritiond subs tonces. To study the histomorphometric changes of small intestine due to hull- less barley food diets in poultry, 20, of 70 weeks old healthy Road Island Red cocks were selected and divided equally into 2 experimental groups and fed with hull less barley, and commonly usual diet [control]. Feeding was gradually and by adding the experimental food to the commonly used diet through one week. At the end of the week, all animals starved for 24 hrs and then fed with experimental diets for following week. At the end all animals were weighted and sacrificed after 24 hrs of starving. excreta viscosity and crude diet energy, crude excreta energy and metabolisable energy were measured and the data were analyzed using Duncan method, transverse sections from small intestine were successively cut with 2cm intervals and fixed with 10% buffered formalin. Routine histological laboratory methods were used and sections were studied under light microscope. Heights and width of the villi and dept of the crypts and goblet cells number were measured. Data's were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test. Results showed: increasing in viscosity, increasing the villus heights [p<0.011], villus width [p=0.002] and crypt depth [p<0.001] and number of goblet cells [p<0.001] in jejunum, decreasing in height of the villi [p<0.001] and increasing in crypt dept [p<0.001] and goblet cells number [p=0.04] in the duodenum and increasing of the crypt dept [p=0.004] in the ileum were observed respected to the control

[Comparison of the nutritional status of adolescent girls in the secondary schools of two educational districts of Kerman, Iran]

To evaluate and compare the nutritional status of adolescent girls in two educational districts in the city of Kerman. There were some social and economic differences between the two districts. We went to schools in the two districts and picked 395 students by classified cluster sampling. Questionnaires dealing with social and economic data were filled up by interviewing mothers and for an approximate 20% of the sample blood tests were performed to measure hemoglobin and hematocrit. Assessment of nutritional status was done using the following indices: weight for age [WA], height for age [HA] and Body Mass Index. The WA and HA were evaluated based on NCHS and the BMI was assessed based on CDC data. The mean hemoglobin values in the first and second districts were 13.97 and 14.04, while mean hematocrit values in districts 1 and 2 were 43.05% and 43.7% respectively; none of these differences were statistically significant. The rate of severe malnutrition in the first and second districts based on the index of weight for age and according to standard growth charts were 3.9% and 4.7%, while the same rate based on the index of height for age was 7% and 4.7% respectively. These differences were not statistically significant. Intake of energy, protein, vitamin A, iron and zinc was greater in the first district but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Our findings showed that in both districts the rate of protein and iron intake exceeded 100% of RDA; the rate of zinc intake in the first district was 106.2%. In both districts the lowest amount of intake was recorded for calcium. The difference between the daily intakes of nutrients in the two districts was not statistically significant. This study showed that the nutritional status is similar in the two educational districts of Kerman in terms of anemia, food intake and malnutrition; we recommend that their intake of foods rich in calcium and vitamin A be increased

Involvement of carina in lung cancer

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer in both male and female. Preoperative detection of lung cancer metastasis to the main carina can alter the operative approach, eliminate further staging procedures and save the patients from thoracotomy. The aim of this study was to define the carinal involvement in patients with lung cancer. ln this descriptive study, between 1381-82, were bronchoscopically evaluated 51 consecutive lung cancer patients who were referrid to Ghaembronchoscopy center. In addition to biopsies from main lesion, three to five blind biopsy specimen were obtained from the main carina during fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Our analysis of data were done by x [2], fischer, t student and with 95% coefficient. crarial involvement was histologically diagnosed in 8 patients [15.7%] who underwent main carinal biopsy. In five patients [9.8%] with carinal involvement normal appearing carina were seen. We found no significant difference between the carinal involvement with the type and location of primary tumor. It was concluded that carinal biopsy should be done routinely in all clinical and radiologically operable patients with suspect lung cancer. It can save the patients with lung cancer from inappropriate or unnecessary thoracotomy and further staging procedures