[Comparing lecture and problem-based learning methods in teaching limb anatomy to first year medical students]

Problem-based learning has replaced traditional teaching in most universities around the world but still there are many challenges in replacing traditional methods by this new method of learning. Two methods of lecture and problem-based learning [PBL] for teaching anatomy to junior medical students are compared in this study. Forty students of Artesh University of Medical Sciences, who entered university in 2005, were divided into two groups randomly. Groups were matched based on their Diploma average score, the raw score achieved in entrance exam, and the average score of their previous term. Then, limb anatomy was taught to both groups during two semesters, one group was taught through traditional method and the other through problem-based learning method. The headings of the lesson were the same for the two groups. Students were evaluated through a pre-test at the beginning of the semester and a post-test which was held at the end of the semester. Their viewpoints were also asked at the same time with post-test. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using independent T-test and paired T-test. Post-test scores in both groups were higher than the pre-test scores significantly. The mean difference for correct answers to judgment questions in post-test was higher significantly in PBL group compared with the traditional group. PBL group students were more satisfied with their teaching method. Students' viewpoints in PBL group concerning three domains of developing a sense of participation, encouraging students to study more and teacher's teaching abilities, earned higher scores compared to the traditional group. Students are encouraged to reflect more, and avoid memorizing the material in PBL method. Moreover, this method motivates students to study more by encouraging them into more group interaction

serological survey for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus antibodies in domestic village chickens in Esfahan, central Iran

Infectious bronchitis [1B] is a very contagious disease caused by a coronavirus [IBV]. In chickens, the virus affects the respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of anti-IBV antibodies in domestic village chickens. Serum samples of 300 domestic village chickens from Esfahan [centeral Iran] were collected and examined for the presence of anti-lBV antibodies by commercial ELISA kits. The results showed that 85.3% of the domestic village chickens had high titers of anti-IBV antibody without any clinical signs. It was concluded that the rate of IBV infection in these chickens is very high that could be a potential hazard for commercial poultry

Covered self-expanding metal stent in palliative treatment of dysphagic patient with end-stage malignancy of cardia: the first experience in stent placement and literature review

More than 50% of patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or gastric cardia have incurable disease at presentation and require palliative treatment for dysphagia. Insertion of a self-expanding metal stent has become the treatment of choice for these patients. We report successful placement of a covered self-expanding metal stent in a patient with malignant squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] of esophagogastric junction. A 62-year-old man referred to the gastrointestinal division of the 501 medical center, Tehran, Iran due to dysphagia. During upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a seven cm tumor was seen 35 cm distal to dental line. Histologic examination of the biopsy samples confirmed malignant SCC. The tumor was in stage Ill/IV and therefore it was inoperable. Palliative therapy with 11-cm covered Choo stent [Mi-Tech Ltd., Seoul, South Korea] was considered for this patient. On March 12, 2006 after sedation with midazolam, the stent was placed under the fluoroscopic and endoscopic guide. The patient underwent radiotherapy, thereafter. During the two-month follow-up, the patient's general condition recovered and he gained weight. Fluoroscopically guided insertion of covered self-expanding metal stents is a safe and comfortable method of palliation for patients suffering with malignant dysphagia. For prevention of restenosis, covered types should be given priority