[Survey of comparing discharge time nursing education with the education standards of diabetes type 2 patients in hospitals affiliated in Yazd University of medical sciences in 2015]

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in Iran. Due to the nature of the disease, the patient's cooperation in self care is very important. One of the most effective and affordable ways to empower patients is education, which, to be beneficial, must be provided in accordance with related standards. The current study was conducted to investigate accordance of time of discharge diabetic patients with the standards of education for diabetics Type 2 in hospitals, affiliated in Yazd University of Medical Sciences

Materials and Methods: At discharge, data on patient education provided by nurses to 385 diabetic patients, was documented using the "nursing diabetic patient education-discharge time check list" and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20

Results: Conformity rate of discharge nursing education in patients with Diabetes Type 2 with standards was 14.5%, which indicated a low quality of education. Conformity rate in the dimensions of "insulin therapy" was 34.7%, in "foot care education" was 6.75%, in "diet programs" was 1.8%, in "physical activity" was 0.1%, in "prevention of infection" was 1.8%, and in "oral antihyperglycaemics drugs" was 13.3%

Conclusion: Based on the poor compliance with the standards of education for diabetics Type 2 patients, application of nursing clinical guidelines during discharge for type 2 diabetic patients and clinical supervision by nursing managers for optimizing quality of care is recommended

[ effect of psychical stress on cause and exacerbation of diabetes mellitus, serum glucose and cortisol levels, and body weight in rats]

Background and Aim: in this study the effects of chronic stress on the serum glucose level [SGL], serum cortisol level [SCL] and body weight were investigated to determine the possible causal link between stress and diabetes

Method: the experiments were performed on nondiabetic and diabetic rats divided to control, sham, and stressed groups. Water immersion was used as chronic psychical stress [one minute every hour, 4 hours every day for a period of 14 days]. After the experiment, a blood sample was collected. The serum glucose level was measured by the glucose oxidase method, and serum cortisol level was measured by radioimmunoassay method. Difference in body weight was also calculated

Results: our results showed that, this psychical stress caused a significant increase in glucose level in both nondiabetic and diabetic rats, but could not produce diabetes in nondiabetic rats. Diabetes caused significant increase in serum cortisol level. This stress caused a small but nonsignificant increase of cortisol level. Also, there was a significant weight loss in stressed rats, that was much higher in diabetic rats. Effect of diabetes on weight loss was much higher than that of the psychical stress

Conclusion: therefore stress exacerbated the disease in the diabetic rats and probably made the nondiabetic rats prone to diabetes