ABSTRACT
Recently, childhood poisoning has become one of the most pressing concerns in injury epidemiology. The aim of this study is to identify the main risk factors in unintentional childhood poisoning. The present study is individual method case-control based in a hospital [case; n = 140, control; n = 280] in Tehran 1392. Cases with controls are matched on sex and age. Then children's parents are interviewed to determine demographic, behavior, previous poisoning, addiction and mental disease in the family, accessibility of poisoning products, and household size, using semi-structured interview by standard questionnaire. Finally invariable-multi adjusted Conditional Logistic Regression models were constructed. Narcotic poisoning was of highest prevalence among the cases [58.6%]. The majority of the poisonings occurred at home [96.4%]. The invariable model showed that maternal occupation, parent education, smoker parent, previous poisoning, addiction and mental disease in the family, accessibility of poisoning products, and household size all related to unintentional childhood poisoning. Finally, the multi-adjusted model in stepwise manner showed that addiction in the family [OR = 14.6, p <0.001], previous poisoning [OR = 7, P <0.001], maternal occupation [OR = 4, P = 0.016], and accessibility of poisoning products [OR = 0.03, P <0.001] associated with outcome. Addiction in the family as risk factor and inability to access poisoning products had the most association with unintentional childhood poisoning. It is recommended that public health planning focus on these two factors.
ABSTRACT
Bullying behavior is one of the growing problems in many schools. Availability and access to a valid and reliable instrument for measuring this behavior is necessary for intervention and to reduce side effects. Therefore, this study has been carried out with middle school students with the aim of validating the bullying perpetration and victimization scales of Olweus Bullying Questionnaire. The study was conducted on 830 public middle school students in Mazandaran province. The content validity was calculated from CVR. To assess structure, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used; and correlations between factors for each of the scales were obtained. To assess reliability, test - retest procedure was used with intra class correlation coefficient [ICCs]. In the assessment stage of content validity, each of the scales removed one question and added one question. Analysis Four-factor Structure of victimization scale explained by EFA with 64% of variance, as well as Four-Factor Structure of the perpetration of bullying scale by eliminating item 13, explained EFA 72% of variance. Confirmatory factor analysis [CFA] confirmed Four-Factor Structure in both victimization and perpetration of bullying scales. Values of reliability test - retest showed a good level of both of these scales. Perpetration of bullying and victimization scales of Olweus Bullying Questionnaire has acceptable validation properties in middle school students.
ABSTRACT
Heat stress is one of the main and the most common problems in the work environments. Extreme heat exposure can cause different clinical symptoms, including headache, nausea, vomiting. The aim of this study is to compare the correlation of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature, Physiological Strain Index and Physiological Strain Index based on heart rate heat stress indices with tympanic temperature and heart rate among the workers of a glass factory. This cross- sectional study was conducted in a glass factory located in Tehran. 72 male subjects were participated in the study. Atmospheric parameters including dry temperature, natural wet bulb temperature and globe temperature were measured to determine the heat stress indices. Tympanic temperature and heart beat rates were also measured. The data were statistically analyzed using the Pearson and Spearman correlation as well as the linear regression tests. The correlation between tympanic temperature and heart rate with heat stress indices was significant [p-value<0.05]. The poly-nominal correlation [R[2]] between Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index with heart rate and tympanic temperature was 0.208 and 0.214 respectively. This correlation between Physiological Strain Index with heart rate and tympanic temperature was 0.423 and 0.701 respectively. The correlation between Physiological strain index based on heart rate with heart rate and tympanic temperature was 0.579 and 0.068 respectively. The Physiological Strain Index heat stress index had higher correlation with measured physiological parameters in this study.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate injuries resulting from accidents and incidents referred to medical centers and hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. This study is a cross-sectional study. All cases admitted to hospitals' of Deputy of Health of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, due to accidents and injuries from March 2012 to March 2013 were reviewed. Categorization of accidents and injuries data was performed according to tenth version of international classification of diseases. SPSS V.18 was used for analysis of data. The main variables in this study, the type of incident, type of accident, accident location and background variables that were studied included: gender, age. Data collected by means of forms and software injury register by Hospital emergency department staff to interview and hospital records, were completed. In total, 248438 cases were reviewed. 67.7% were male and 32.3% were female. Traumas, traffic accidents and falls were major causes of accidents and injuries. Accidents and injuries were more prevalent in 15-25 years age group. Individuals living in urban areas sustained more injuries compared to individuals from rural areas. A total of 722 deaths were reported due to accidents and injuries. Research results indicate that traffic accidents constitute a large proportion of accident and injuries. Also, men, young people were the most victims of accidents and injuries. Training of different groups, including before and during recruitment, training mothers and elderly it seems to be useful. Further studies on the improvement of accidents and injuries software is suggested for access to complete and reliable data. Promoting Knowledge and training, especially in the younger age group, intervention to resolve the accident prone spots and technical defects is recommended to reduce traffic accidents.