Exploring the characteristics of public reproductive health services in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspectives of unmarried women: what needs to be changed?

This qualitative study in the Islamic Republic of Iran aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to the use of reproductive health services by unmarried women. A purposive sample of unmarried women aged 25-60 years in Isfahan city were interviewed about their experiences of reproductive health services in public health centres. Content analysis of responses revealed that the favourable characteristics of reproductive health services in public centres were services that: were delivered by personnel of the same sex in a woman-friendly environment and available at a suitable price, and did not label clients. In contrast, the following characteristics made public health centres undesirable for unmarried women: not addressing single women for reproductive health services; lack of privacy; failure to maintain confidentiality; doubts about skills and scientific ability of personnel; and lack of integration of services

[Correlation of self- efficacy of nurses to deal with unexpected events with the demographic characteristics of the nurses]

Introduction: Self-efficacy of nurses whom deal with unexpected events is valuable. One of the indexes that have close relationship with performance of nurses in real situation is feeling of self-efficacy. This study aimed to determine the correlation of self- efficacy of nurses to deal with unexpected events with the demographic characteristics of the nurses' city of Kerman

Methods and Materials: In this study, 484 nurses whom are working in public and private hospitals in Kerman participated in the census. The instruments for data collection were Nurses Self-efficacy to deal with Emergencies Questionnaire that was made based on Bandura Social Cognitive Theory by researchers. This questionnaire has 47 items. The validity [content validity index] was 0.92 and internal consistency of this questionnaire was 0.82. Statistical analysis was done using inferential methods of ANOVA with SPSS [v.13]

Findings: The results of this study showed that the nurses have an average self-efficiency in confrontation with unexpected events. Factors such as age, work experience, and the increase in education and experience in previous disasters had a significant correlation with average score self-efficacy [p<0.05]

Conclusion: To deal with possible unexpected events in the future is needed to increase ability of nurses. This study can determine issues and topics to increase nurses' self- efficacy

Theoreticaln ursing courses application in clinical field: Clinical nurse teachers and students perspectives in Mazandaran university of medical sciences

An effective and efficient educational system must be continuously revised to be responsive to the present and future community needs. The purpose of the study was to compare students and teachers opinions regarding theory- practice gap in nursing education in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 1378-79. This research was a cross sectional study. The data was collected from nursing student [n = 67] and clinical nurse teachers [n = 41] using questionnaire provided by researcher in two section, the first section included the demographic characteristics and the second section consisted of questions about necessity and application of content education. The content validity of questionnaire was provided by experts and texts. For reliability, test retest method was used [r = 089]. Data were collected in one stage and were analyzed by t-student test Kendal's correlation coefficient, and Chi square. The result revealed that the mean score of students and teachers views about 'the necessity of the theoretical courses' were 17.86 and 16.35, but they gave low scores to the 'real application of the theory in practice' [11.8 and 12.08]. There was a statistically significant relationship between the necessity and application of theory [P=0.00]. The degree of coordination between clinical education and tasks were reported low [less than 3] by both teachers and students, but, there was a statistically significant difference between their perspectives [P < 0.05]. This study showed that continuing revision and repair of the program based on students and teachers' perspectives can help educationalists to reduce theory-practice gap

[ evaluation of pain in neurosurgical patients before and after operation in Kerman Shahid Bahonar hospital according to the McGIl pain questionnaire]

The McGill Pain Questionnaire [MPQ consists primarily of 3 major classes of word descriptors -sensory, affective and evaluative that are used by patients to specific subjective pain experience. It also contains an intensity scale and other items to determine the properties of pain experience the questionnaire was designed to provide questionnaire measures of clinical pain that can be treated statistically. This paper describes the procedures for administration of the questionnaire and the various measures that can be derived from-an Iranian version in comparison with previous results, which were obtained from other countries. The mean and standard deviation of these numbers, based on data obtained from 46 neurosurgical patients suffering from several kind of psych cognitive and emotional status, before and after surgery in Kerman Shahid Bahonar Hospital is presented. In addition, an experimental study utilizing the questionnaire was analyzed in order to describe the nature of the information obtained by an Iranian version. The data, taken together, indicate that the McGill Pain Questionnaire provides quantitative information that can be treated statistically, and is sufficiently sensitive to detect differences among deferent method of pain relieve which work with Iranian pain patients. These results show that the dimensions are close to the previous studies conducted by MeIzak and Torgerson [1971] and Ebrahimi-Nejad [1997]