[Ethical themes in nursing driven from Shahnameh]

Introduction: Culture is foundation of social ethics and provides answer for why something must be done. In nursing science, ethics makes nursing interaction meaningful. Shahnameh Ferdowsi is a valid evidence for Iranians' culture, values and beliefs. Aim is to develop nursing ethical concepts from Shahnameh Ferdowsi

Methods: This study was a content analysis with qualitative approach and inductive analysis. Shahname stories has been searched for "Parastar", "Parastandeh" and "Parastandegan". All stories including these words have been studied comparing to a valid interpretation of Shahname. Dependability and Conformability has been achieved by review, repeatedly coresearcher appraisal. Qualitative data has been categorized conceptually through inductive methods

Results: 60 "Parastar", 235 "Parastandeh" and 54 "Parastandegan" have been found in Shahname investigation. 23 "Parastar" and 6 "Parastandegan" were related to nursing ethics themes. Three themes has been developed as Accountability [consciousness and Confidentiality], Emotional interaction [Sympathy] and Value interaction [Respectiveness and Beneficience]

Conclusion: Modern nursing ethical concepts are compatible with ethical concepts of Shahname. Considering historical role of nurses in addition to clarifying values could build a platform to develop ethical codes for conducting nursing behaviors. Virtue ethics is an appropriate reference for nursing moral education

[ effect of "sitting pelvic tilt exercise" on low back pain and sleep disorder in primigravidas during the third trimester]

Low back pain is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy that interferes with work, daily activities and sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sitting pelvic tilt exercise on low back pain and sleep disorder during the third trimester in primigravidas. In this quasiexperimental study, 60 primigravidas who attended 3 prenatal clinics of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran, were selected by simple sampling, then they were randomly allocated into two groups, case and control. The case group did the sitting pelvic tilt exercise for 8 weeks during the third trimester. The control group just received usual prenatal care. Data collection was done by interview, using a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] and a questionnaire which was carried out by the researcher on 0 and 56 days [pre and post intervention]. T- Test and Chi Square were used for data analysis. The intensity of low back pain in the case group after exercise was significantly decreased [P=0.0001], but in the control group, the intensity of low back pain increased as pregnancy advanced [P=0.0001]. Also in the case group, sitting pelvic tilt exercise reduced the sleep disorders in comparison with pre treatment and control group [P<0.05]. It seems that sitting pelvic tilt exercise is an imperative cure in pregnancy low back pain and sleep disorders that arise from it

[Comparison of lactobacillus acidophilous and clotrimazole vaginal suppositories in the treatment of vaginal candida infections]

To compare the success rate of lactobacillus acidophilus suppositories with clotrimazole vaginal suppositories in the treatment of women with vaginal candidal infections, who were referred to selected health and treatment centers in Mashhad in 1998, this double blind prospective research was carried out in the Virology Department of Ghaem Hospital and hygiene treatment clinics of Mashhad. Seventy female patients suffering from the symptoms of candidal vaginal infections and positive culture results were randomly placed in two equal groups---lactobacillus and clotrimazole. We gave 14 lg vaginal suppositories containing 10[9] live lactobacillus to each patient in the lactobacillus group to be used twice daily for 7 days. The clotrimazole group was given six 100 mg suppositories to be used in 6 nights. The results of this study show that the rate of successful treatment, which includes negative culture after treatment with lack of disease symptoms, in the clotrimazole group was 62.9% [n=22]; and the lactobacillus acidophilous group was 85.7% [n=30]. Treatment failura, positive culture and remaining disease symptoms was 37.1% [n=13] for the clotrimazole group and 14.3% [n=5] for the lactobacillus acidophilus group. Success was meaningful in the investigated groups [p<0.05]. Data gathered in the candida study included symptoms [itching, vaginal swelling , vulva swelling, burning, and dyspareunia]; the patient's main complaint, onset of symptoms, vaginal discharge cultre results before and after treatment, history of previous vaginal infections other than candida, health notes , and intercourse during treatment time with or without use of condoms were recorded