[ study of knowledge, attitude and practice of Yazd restaurant chefs inpreventing cardiovascular diseases risk factors in 2010]

Cardiovascular diseases are a global pandemic and the leading worldwide cause of death and in Iran, Regarding that most people tend toward eating fast foods and processed foods for various reasons, the cooks can play an important role in heart health. We decided, therefore, to study the chefs' knowledge, attitude and performance of chefs especially concerning prevention of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the city of Yazd. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed on 60 restaurant chefs of Yazd in 1389. Data were gathered through a questionnaire including demographic information and questions related to Knowledge and Attitude. Data were then analyzed through SPSS software using statistical tests such as Anova, T-test, Chi square test and Pearson correlation. The mean score of the knowledge of the chefs was 16.6 +/- 4.8; attitude 16.9 +/- 3; and practice was 13.7 +/- 4.2. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude [p=0.027]; attitude and income [P=0.030]; and income and age [P: 0.029]. Also a significant relationship was detected between knowledge and health [P=0.019] and attitude and history of cardiovascular diseases in the family members [P=0.032]. According to the results of the study of the average knowledge and practice as well as the good attitude of the chefs, and the critical role of the chefs in keeping up the cardiovascular condition of the people, improving chefs' information through regular training programs, posters, pamphlets and media is suggested

Efficiency of domestic reverse osmosis in removal of trihalomethanes from drinking water

The reaction of disinfectants with natural organic matters existing in water lead to the formation of Disinfection By-Products. Potentially hazardous and carcinogenic characteristics of trihalomethanes [THMs] are recognized. Thus removal of THMs or its precursors are necessary for human health. The aim of this study was to study the efficiency of domestic reverse osmosis [RO] in removal of trihalomethanes from drinking water. A pilot scale of RO system with Polyamide membrane as Spiral-Wound, Tape wrapping module was used. Feed solution was made by using of pure chloroform. The samples containing chloroform were analyzed using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. By increasing the flow, the removal rate of chloroform decreased and with declining removal of EC, the removal of chloroform declined too. In this research, at the worst condition, the efficiency of the pilot scale reverse osmosis reached to 80% removal of chloroform

[Effect of role modeling through theater show in oral health education]

There are different methods of oral health education for child population. Theater show is a method that has not received enough attention until now. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using theater show on dental health education in Yazd femal elementary students. This was a quasi experimental study performed by using pre- and post-test method in Iran over the year 2004. One elementary school from each region of the city was selected. Twenty students from each grade of each school were included in the study [n=200]. The information on knowledge, attitudes and practice of oral health were collected by using a valid and reliable questionnaire before and after theater show performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Wilcoxon signed rank test. This study showed that the theater show could improve knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice of children. The effect of the theater show on knowledge was more than attitude and was more on attitude than practice [P<0.001]. Only literacy on the part of mothers was significantly correlated with practice [P=0.021]. There were significant correlations between Knowledge [P=0.020], Attitude [P=0.0001] and oral health Practice [P=0.022] with students' grade level. This study showed that using theater show for oral health education, could improve the oral health related knowledge, attitude and proper oral health practice by elementary school students

Corrosion and scaling potentiality of shiraz drinking water

Corrosion is one of the most complex and costiy problems related to drinking water. Corrosion can affect the public health, acceptability of the drinking water source and supplying costs. The aim of this study was to determine the corrosion potentiality of drinking water in Shiraz city in 2007- 2008 through corrosion and stability index [Langlier Saturation Index, Ryznar Stability Index, Aggressiveness Index and Pockurius Scaling Index]. The results indicate the mean and standard deviation for temperature, pH, and pHs were equal to 22.84 and 2.93 °C, 7.69 and 0.28, and 6.83 and 0.24 respectively. Also the mean and standard deviation of total suspended solid [TDS], calcium hardness, and total alkalinity was equal to 656.8 and 190.9, 465.37 and 121, and 271.6 and 67 respectively. Also Langlier Saturation Index was equal to 0.86 and 0.23, respectively and for Ryznar Stability Index [RSI] was equal 5.95 and 0.36, respectively. Obtained results showed that the mean and standard deviation for Aggressiveness Index [AI] and Pockurius Scaling Index [PSI] was equal to 10.54 and 0.23, and 8.06 and 0.15, respectively. By studying the corrosion indexes it was found that most of these indexes in Shiraz drinking water have scaling potentiality and only in a few instances station have corrosion potentiality

[Prevalence and predisposing factors to candidiasis infection in women supported B.V health centers of Tabriz, 2004]

Vaginits is probably the most common infection in women during their reproductive years, resulting in 5-10 million health-care visits a year, worldwide. Vulvovaginal candidiasis [vvc] is the second-most common form of vaginitis in the Unite.! States, which is associated with use of oral contraceptives containing high bevels of estrogen and hormonal therapies. Midwives play an important role not only in the assessment and management of vaginal infections. but also in educating women about vaginal health. Recognizing risk factors assodiated with infections are the key to vaginal health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Candidal vaginitis in women referring to Tabriz health centers. This was a cross sectional study carried out on 1000 women aged 15-49 years who were selected by multiple random method. A sample of vaginal discharge was taken from the posterior fornix of the cervix and from the vaginal wall using sterile cotton swabs. The mycelium was observed by microscopic examination of a wet mount of the secretions. Another sample was taken for culturing in Agar sabura and transported to the laboratory. In addition, questionnaires with personal and reproductive information were completed. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 15 and chi-square and, t student statistical tests were used for analysis. This investigation indicated that prevalence of candidiasis was 25.2%. There was no meaningful statistical relationship between age, marriage age, occupation, education status, body mass index, day of menstruation cycle and abortion history with candidal vaginitis [p>.05].but a statistically significant relationship was observed between number of deliveries, vaginal Ph with candidiasis. Also, there was a reverse statistical relationship between OCP, DMPA methods and candidiasis. Midwives and other health professionals have an important role to play by giving more information to women about infections and associated risk factors, thus improving their quality of life

[Quality of life in diabetes type II patients in Yazd]

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects and decrease the quality of life. The incidence of diabetes is increasing and the prevalence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Iran is 4.5-6% and in population aged above 30 years is more than 14%. The prevalence of this disease in Yazd is 14.2%. The aim of the present study was to determine the quality of life of diabetes type II patients in Yazd and utilize the results for betterment of the quality of life of the patients. The object of this study was to assess diabetic patients' perceptions of their quality of life and its relation to certain socio-demographic variables. The data was collected by a questionnaire [SF=20] from 120 randomly selected patients at the Diabetes Research Center of Yazd. The data was analyzed with SPSS software and chi[2] test. The age of 40% of the samples was lower than 50 years while 60% was more than 50 years. Diabetes had affected quality of life of patients. The overall QOL, of patients was less than 50 percent.. There was no significant relationship between the level of education of patients and their QOL. There was a significant relationship between the job of patients and their QOL. About 87% of them had neuropathy and 78% had retinopathy. The QOL of patients with complications was lesser than those without complications. The findings of this study can help planners of diabetes management and education programs to identify persons at risk of decreased QOL at an early stage and tailor preventive interventional programs to bring about significant changes in patient's QOL

rate of knowledge retention in basic sciences courses among dentistry students

Acquiring and recalling knowledge can be considered as the starting point of learning; so increasing the acquisition of knowledge and information recall is one the most important goals of education. To determine the students' information recall in the basic courses of histology, immunology, physiology, biochemistry, head and neck anatomy, and microbiology in dentistry school. In this descriptive survey, 60 students who had passed their basis courses were studied. The tests were held five semesters following the basic courses, and were like those they had passed previously. The results revealed that information recall was the highest for the physiology course [z=0.72], while it was the lowest for anatomy [z=0.07]. For the histology course, the lowest mean score was achieved by the students entered in the year 1997, and the highest by those entered in 1999. The relationship between the entry year of the students and their information recall is statistically significant [p<0.05]. The results showed that the teaching basic science courses such as physiology, anatomy, immunology, microbiology, and biochemistry should accompany new strategies in teaching and learning. One of these is the inclusion by the teachers of retrieval cues in any course so as to facilitate learning