ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Hypertension in long time can cause cardiovascular disorders and increase chance of stroke. This study was done to determine the association between some dietary factors and risk of hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the fourth phase [2008-11] of Tehran lipid and glucose study [TLGS]. In this study 6089 subjects [2807 males and 3282 females], aged 19-70 years, were participated and dietary, demographic, anthropometric and blood pressure of each subject were collected. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 147-items. Odds ratio for hypertension according to quartiles of dietary factors was determined using logistic regression with adjustment for confounder variables. Results: The rate of hypertension was 29.8%. Mean of weight, body mass index, waist circumference, prevalence of abdominal obesity and alliteration in the hypertensive subjects were significantly higher than normotensive subjects [P<0.05]. There was a non significant direct relationship between energy density, total fat and saturated fat. Higher consumption of fiber was associated with lower risk of hypertension [OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.37-0.97]. The risk of hypertension increased in the highest quartiles of dietary protein [OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.43]. Odds ratio for hypertension was higher among subjects whom consumed lower fruits and nuts than those subjects with higher fruits consumption [OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15-1.85] and nuts [OR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02-1.42]. Conclusion: High consumption of fiber could protect against hypertension while some dietary factors such as high consumption of protein could increase risk of hypertension
ABSTRACT
Introduction: reciving and using health care services is called utilization and access to services refers to the opportunity and the ability to use them. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of utilization and access to health care disparities and factors affecting them
Methods: in this cross-sectional study, Quota sampling method was used. To evaluate the health care services used by families and their relationship with Predisposing variables, Chi-square test and Pearson cross-tabulations were used using Excel and Stata
Results: according to the findings important variables such as Household economic status, insurance, head of household education; ages over 65 and less than 12 years had key roles in the use of services. Concentration indices for out-patient and in-patient services were -0.38 and -0.435, respectively
Conclusion: there are some predisposing variable leading to inequality in use of health services which could be reduced the improvement of socio-economic variables
ABSTRACT
Purpose: In this work we present a handheld, solid-state detector based gamma camera system. We validated the camera physically and demonstrated the usefulness of the device for intra-operative detection of radiolabeled tissue. Methods: We measured the intrinsic uniformity, the intrinsic energy resolution, the system uniformity, the spatial resolution without scatter, the system planar uniformity, the detector shielding and the peak deviation according to the NEMA NU1-2001 standard. Results: The gamma camera can be used for isotopes with an energy range between 50-250 keV. A standard laptop is used to control of the camera and to visualize Preliminary clinical data show that the devices can be used successfully for a number of clinical applications. Conclusion: The performance evaluation of a novel handheld gamma camera shows good spatial resolution, sensitivity and energy resolution. Due to the small size and weight the portable device can be used for untraoperative acquisitions
ABSTRACT
The exposure of human being to ionize radiation from natural sources is a continuing, inescapable feature of life on earth. Direct measurement of absorbed dose rates in air has been carried out in many countries of the world during the last few decades. Such investigations can be useful for assessment of public dose rates, the performance of epidemiological studies, and keeping reference-data records to ascertain possible changes in the environmental radioactivity duo to nuclear, industrial, and other human activities. The measurements of the outdoor and indoor- environmental exposures including cosmic and terrestrial components were accomplished by a portable Geiger Muller detector [RDS -110]. The measurements were made during daylight from September to October 2009, in five areas within nine big cities of Lorestan province. In each area, one building was randomly selected for indoor and outdoor measurements. Measurements were made for each region and an average value was used to calculate the exposure rate from gamma background radiation. The results showed the Maximum and minimum outdoor dose rates as 166 +/- 44 and 65 +/- 8 nSvhr[1] in Borujerd and Pol-e- dokhtar, respectively. The average of outdoor dose rates was determined 113 +/- 26 nSvhr[-1]. Also the maximum and minimum values of indoor dose were 157 +/- 52 and 74 +/- 14 nSvhr[-1] in Borujerd and Pol-e-dokhtar, respectively. The average indoor dose rates were determined as 119 +/- 27 nSvhr[1]. The average annual effective dose for gamma background radiation in Lorestan province has been 0.72 mSv, with the range of 0.3- 0.6 mSv which was more than the global value [0.48 mSv]. A poor correlation coefficient between was observed altitude and absorbed dose rates