[Self-care programs in diabetic patients: quality of methodological report in randomized controlled trials published in Iranian journals between 2010-2016]

Introduction: Considering the high prevalence of diabetes is world wides, self-care programs in diabetic patients are important. There are many studies about self-care programs and assess the outcome of these programs. But the quality of methodology and reporting of these investigations in Iran for use in evidence-based practice has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to determine the quality of the methodological reports of randomized controlled trials on self-care programs in diabetic patients, published in Iranian journals

Materials and Methods: In this Secondary study randomized controlled trial articles in Persian and English-language related to diabetes and self-care education, published at local journals magazines in Magiran, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc databases and Google Scholar and Scopus from 2010 up to June 2016 were searched and assessed using the Jadad scale

Results: Results showed 29 articles based on Jadad 5 and 13 points had average scores of 2 +/- 0.92 and 8.65 +/- 1.11 respectively. Randomized allocation in 89.65 % of the studies was noted. Only 3 cases [6.89 %] of the studies were blinded and 13 studies [44.82 %] were reported withdrawal and its causes

Conclusion: Results of this study showed poor quality of methodological reporting, i.e. [average score below 9]. Weaknesses observed in the reporting of trials, required more accurate guidelines and clinical trial assessment tools for authors and scientific journals reviewers

[Survey of comparing discharge time nursing education with the education standards of diabetes type 2 patients in hospitals affiliated in Yazd University of medical sciences in 2015]

Introduction: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in Iran. Due to the nature of the disease, the patient's cooperation in self care is very important. One of the most effective and affordable ways to empower patients is education, which, to be beneficial, must be provided in accordance with related standards. The current study was conducted to investigate accordance of time of discharge diabetic patients with the standards of education for diabetics Type 2 in hospitals, affiliated in Yazd University of Medical Sciences

Materials and Methods: At discharge, data on patient education provided by nurses to 385 diabetic patients, was documented using the "nursing diabetic patient education-discharge time check list" and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20

Results: Conformity rate of discharge nursing education in patients with Diabetes Type 2 with standards was 14.5%, which indicated a low quality of education. Conformity rate in the dimensions of "insulin therapy" was 34.7%, in "foot care education" was 6.75%, in "diet programs" was 1.8%, in "physical activity" was 0.1%, in "prevention of infection" was 1.8%, and in "oral antihyperglycaemics drugs" was 13.3%

Conclusion: Based on the poor compliance with the standards of education for diabetics Type 2 patients, application of nursing clinical guidelines during discharge for type 2 diabetic patients and clinical supervision by nursing managers for optimizing quality of care is recommended

Sustained hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused rat lung: effect of alpha[1]- adrenergic receptor agonist

Background: Alveolar hypoxia induces monophasic pulmonary vasoconstriction in vivo, biphasic vasoconstriction in the isolated pulmonary artery, and controversial responses in the isolated perfused lung. Pulmonary vascular responses to sustained alveolar hypoxia have not been addressed in the isolated perfused rat lung. In this study, we investigated the effect of sustained hypoxic ventilation on pulmonary artery pressure in the present of phenylephrine, an alpha[1]-receptor agonist, under the above condition

Methods: We performed this study in the isolated perfused rat lung. After preparation, the lungs were divided randomly into five groups of normoxic-normocapnia, hypoxic-normocapnia, phenylephrine pre- or post-treated hypoxic-normocapnia and phenylephrine pre-treated normoxic-normocapnia. Pulmonary hemodynamic, airway pressure and lung weight were measured during 60 min of the experiment for each group

Results: In the phenylephrine-pre-treated hypoxic-normocapnia group we observed a gradual increase in pulmonary artery pressure which approximated the results seen in the phenylephrine-pre-treated normoxic-normocapnia group. In contrast, in the phenylephrine-post-treated hypoxic-normcapnic group, pulmonary artery pressure did not change during the first 3 min of hypoxic-normocapnia. However at 1.5 min after administration of phenylephrine, this pressure began to increase sharply and continued until the end of the experiment. This response was biphasic [0-10 min: acute phase, 10-60 min: sustained phase] with significantly higher pulmonary artery pressure compared to the other groups

Conclusion: This study, for the first time, showed biphasic hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused rat lung with the sole administration of phenylephrine after but not before hypoxic gas ventilation. This finding suggested a facilitative role of alveolar hypoxia on pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by an alpha[1]-receptor agonist

[Study of the photocatalytic effects of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in K562 cell line]

Titanium dioxide [TiO[2]] nanoparticles have shown anti-tumor activity in several cancer cell lines. TiO[2] is an effective photocatalyst that needs ultraviolet [UV] light for activation. Many efforts are in progress to improve the TiO[2] photocatalytic effects by carrying out superficial alterations in its electronic structure. For this purpose, nitrogen [N] element seems to be a proper dopant to improve photocatalytic activity of this nanoparticle. In the present study, the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of N-doped TiO[2] nanoparticles on human K562 cells, as an experimental model of chronic myeloid leukemia [CML], were investigated and compared with those of undoped TiO[2] in both light and dark conditions. Nanocrystalline powders of N-doped TiO[2] [80 nm] were synthesized by mechanical mixing of urea with TiO[2] powders under special experimental conditions. The structure and properties of N-doped TiO[2] nanoparticles were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy [TEM], X-ray diffraction [XRD] and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller [BET] analysis. Then we investigated the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of these nanoparticles on leukemia K562 cells. The results showed that visible light-irradiated N-doped TiO[2] induced profound growth inhibition and apoptosis in K562 cells in a time- and dose- dependent manner. For example, N-doped TiO[2] at concentrations of 0.01 micro g/ml, 0.1microg/ml, 1 microg/ml, 5 microg/ml and 10microg/ml inhibited growth of K562 cells by 25%, 34%, 39%, 44% and 47% and viability by 11%, 22%, 30%, 35% and 38%, respectively after 48h. Furthermore, the results of DNA fragmentation assay confirmed apoptosis in treated-K562 cells after 48h. While un-doped TiO[2] did not show any inhibitory effects on the growth and viability of K562 cells. Considering the growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of N-doped TiO[2] in human K562 cells, this nanoparticle can be a potential candidate for photocatalytic therapy in CML in the future studies.

[Comparison between dexamethasone and tranexamic acid on postoperative edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty operation]

Rhinoplasty is one of the most popular plastic surgery in the world. Edema and ecchymosis are two expected consequences after any planned injuries such as surgery that extend time and cause to distress for the patients and their families. Several drugs [e.g. corticosteroid and eranexamic acid] and herbal extracts [e.g. arnica] are suggested for resolving this problem but there is no comparison between them yet. This study was undertaken to compare the potential benefits of dexamethasone with tranexamic acid on postoperative edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. Determination of dexamethasone and tranexamic acid efficacy on edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty. This was a clinical trial cross sectional double blind study. Seventy rhinoplasty candidates were randomized in two groups. In addition to routine management and cold compress after operation, one group received dexamethasone and another group received tranexamic acid injection for both groups 1 dose of drug before and 3 doses per 8 hours after rhinoplasty. For measurement of edema and ecchymosis, we took digital photos from patients' face third day of postoperation. Then three colleagues who were blinded to assigned groups, scored edema and ecchymosis level with using 0-4 point standard scale. The alpha<0.05 is considered significant statistically. Nineteen men and fifty one women were enrolled. On postoperative day 3, there was no significant difference in the rating of preorbital ecchymosis among two intervention groups [p<0.15]. Also there was no significant difference for the edema rating among two intervention groups [p<0.12]. According to our results, no significant difference in postoperative edema and ecchymosis was detected among two groups. In regard to similar efficacy of both drugs to decrease edema and ecchymosis after rhinoplasty, we must select one of them according to the other effects of drugs

effects of acupressure on anxiety nursing, midwifery and operating room students

Anxiety is a type of worry and fear can effects learning, decision making and performance of medical sciences and clinical decision making. Based on literature review, acupressure non medical method for decrease of anxiety is an appropriate method to reduce anxiety. Determine the effects of acupressure on anxiety nursing, midwifery and operating room students in the beginning of clinical training. In this single-blind clinical trial study, 66 students of nursing, midwifery and operating room that were in the parts of neonatal, delivery and operating room in the beginning of training course were selected. They were divided to P6 and Thumbs groups. The questionnaire included two parts: l] demographic data [sex and age], 2] Silberberg state trait anxiety scale completed before and after applying pressure in each group. Data analyzed by SPSS 16 software. Stata software used for study power analysis. The mean and standard deviation was 21/26+1/80 for age and 93/9%of samples were female. Also P6 and thumb group were equal in age and sex. There were not any significant difference between state and trait anxiety before intervention in all of the students and two groups were equal. In addition after acupressure we found increased mean of state and trait anxiety in nurse and operative room students than before acupressure, but it decreased in midwifery students that this was not significant statistically. It seems that ineffectiveness of acupressure on nurse, midwifery neonatal and operative room parts, causes of client's referral and their condition sensitivity

[ comparison between ondansetron and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting]

Antiemetics currently in use are not totally effective. Serotonin Receptor Antagonists are a new class of antiemetics that have shown promise for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in many situations. This study aims at evaluating the efficacy of Serotonin Receptor Antagonist, Ondansetron, for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This randomized, double-blind study compared the efficacy of an intravenous dose of Ondansetron 4 mg. with Metoclopramide 10mg. for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting [PONV] in patients undergoing general anesthesia for open abdominal surgery. A total of 126 patients [63 Ondansetron group, 63 Metoclopramide group], ASA status I-II, aged 18-65 years, were included and received the study medication after the induction of anaesthesia. A standardized anesthetic technique and intraoperative analgesia were used for all the patients. Within a period of 24 hours after the surgery, the following data were gathered and recorded: the proportion of the patients experiencing no emesis or no nausea as well as those who were provided with rescue antiemetic medication, the duration of nausea and the number of emetic episodes. During the overall observation period [i.e. 0-24 hours], more patients who had received Ondansetron had significantly no emetic episodes [87.3%] than those who had received Metoclopramid [73%, P=0.044]. A higher proportion of patients receiving Ondansetron [71.4%] did not experience nausea [Metoclopramide 63.5%, P=0.342]. Fewer patients in the Ondansetron group required rescue medication [P<0.05]. Ondansetron was superior to Metoclopramide for the prevention of vomiting in the first 24 hours after surgery and the total number of emetic episodes was significantly reduced, as compared with Metoclopramide, but no significant differences were observed between Ondansetron and Metoclopramide for either the prevention of nausea or the treatment failure

Distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors in Epulis Fissuratum

Epulides Fissurata [EF] are common proliferative and denture- induced lesions of the oral cavity with a predilection for female. This suggests a possible role for sex steroid hormones in the development and progression of these lesions. The objective of this study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of epulis fissuratum of the oral cavity for estrogen and progesterone receptors expression in epithelial, stromal, inflammatory and endothelial cells populations. In this cross-sectional study, 15 samples of formalin- fixed, paraffin- embedded epulis fissuratums including marginal mucosal tissues in 4 cases as a control group, were immuno-histochemically evaluated for estrogen and progesterone receptors protein expression. In 10 cases, estrogen receptor positivity was found within the epithelium and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity was present in 7 cases. Stromal cells exhibited estrogen and progesterone receptor immunostaining in many cases but only few cases showed expression of these receptors in the inflammatory and endothelial cells. Estrogen and progesterone receptors were also detected in some cases containing salivary glands tissue. Although chronic irritation may be the initiating factor for the occurence of epulis fissuratum, some of the cells in the lesion, could be potential targets for estrogen and progestrone hormones

[ prevalence of migraine headache in patients with bipolar type I disorder in Army university of medical science]

Background: The propose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the migraine headache among patients with Bipolar type I disorder. Previous research has shown an increase in migraine headache in bipolar type I disorders. But the information is sparse concerning the prevalence of migraine in subgroups of the affective disorder

Materials and Methods: 120 subjects, who visited during 3 month, were evaluated. There were 74 men and 46 women. Patients with bipolar type I disorder consecutively admitted in 506 Army hospitals were examined with interview based on DSM-4 diagnostic criteria. Migraine headache was diagnosed according HIS-criteria. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the researcher

Results: Of the 120 patients with bipolar I disorder 12[10%] had migraine headache. Onf the 46 women 7[15%] and of the 74 men migraine 5[6%] had migraine headache. the most frequency of migraine was in patients aged 30-40 [20.5%]

Conclusion: Migraine headache was seen with increased frequency in the bipolar I disprder population. Because the clinical statement for missing migraine are enormous, recognition of the common comorbidity of migraine headaches with bipolar I disorder is necessary

[ prevalence of migraine headache in patients with Bipolar type I disorder in Army university of medical science]

Background: The propose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the migraine headache among patients with Bipolar type I disorder. Previous research has shown an increase in migraine headache in bipolar type I disorders. But the information is sparse concerning the prevalence of migraine in subgroups of the affective disorder

Materials and Methods: 120 subjects, who visited during 3 month, were evaluated. There were 74 men and 46 women. Patients with bipolar type I disorder consecutively admitted in 506 Army hospitals were examined with interview based on DSM-4 diagnostic criteria. Migraine headache was diagnosed according HIS-criteria. Interviews with patients were accomplished by the researcher

Results: Of the 120 patients with bipolar I disorder 12 [10%] had migraine headache. Onf the 46 women 7 [15%] and of the 74 men migraine 5 [6%] had migraine headache. the most frequency of migraine was in patients aged 30-40 [20.5%]

Conclusion: Migraine headache was seen with increased frequency in the bipolar I disorder population. Because the clinical statement for missing migraine are enormous, recognition of the common comorbidity of migraine headaches with bipolar I disorder is necessary

Daily low-dose oral etoposide for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer after platinum-based therapy

The activity and toxicity of etoposide in women with recurrent ovarian cancer are described from a case series of women with recurrent ovarian cancer. All patients had prior platinum-based chemotherapy and developed progressive disease. Etoposide was given as 50mg/day for 21 days every 4 weeks until progression of disease or prohibitive toxicity. Between december 1999 and april 2001, 12 patients were enrolled in this study. Ten patients received a total of 48 cycles of etoposide. Median age was 52 years [28 to 75]. The median number of etoposide cycles was 4 [1 to 11]. There were two partial responses. The responses lasted 3.5 and 6 months, median Progression Free Interval [PFI] was 7.5 months [5.5 to 11], and median survival time was 8.5 months [1.2 to 21.5]. The major toxicity was leukopenia. One patient required red blood cell transfusion, and the main nonhematologic toxicity was nausea and vomiting. Alopecia was universal. There was no treatment related mortality. Although etoposide appears to exhibit modest activity in recurrent ovarian cancer after platinum-based therapy, response and survival durations are short