[Effect of subcutaneous injection of sterile water on labor pain, type of labor, and satisfaction with pain management in nulliparous women]

Labor pain is usually the most severe pain women experience in their lives. Most women suffer from low back pain during first stage of labor. The pain can produce adverse effects on delivery procedure. Because of potential side effects of medications used in labor, alternative methods for pain relief have received more attention nowadays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous injection of sterile water on labor pain, type of labor, and satisfaction with pain management in nulliparous women. This was a randomized single-blind study. Samples were consisted of 80 women who were randomly allocated to two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group [40 women] sterile water was injected subcutaneously in four sacral regions during first stage of labor. In the control group, we just inserted a needle in the same area. Low back pain intensity was assessed before and 10, 45, and 90 minutes after the injections using visual scales in both groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive [relative and absolute frequencies, mean and standard deviation] and inferential statistics [t-test, paired t-test and c[2]] in the SPSS. There was no significant difference between two groups at baseline. The mean of pain intensity in 10 and 45 minutes after the injection was decreased significantly in the intervention group [P=0.00]. There was no significant difference between two groups in the 90[th] minute. There was no difference in the type of labor between two groups. The mean of the satisfaction score was higher in the intervention group than in the control one. It seems that subcutaneous sacral injection of sterile water might be an effective and safe method to alleviate labor pain in women

Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis associated with membranous glomerulonephritis

A 70-year old woman, known case of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis presented with nephrotic syndrome and mild azotemia. Renal biopsy revealed membranous nephropathy. After ruling out secondary causes of membranous nephropathy, a possible coexistence of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis and membranous nephropathy were thought of. This association has rarely been reported

Effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin in induction of S. aureus L-forms and study of their stability in blood [in vitro]

L - forms of S.aureus are cell wall -defective bacteria that grow and multiply in hypertonic media. Vancomycin is an effective antibiotic for remedy of staphylococcal infections an important inducer of L - froms. The present study investigated whether staphylococcal L - forms induction is related to concentration of vancomycin and whether these forms are stable in blood or not. In this study effect of different concentrations of vancomycin on standard strain of S.aureus [ATCC 25923] were tested; then growth of bacteria in four media [BHI Agar, BHI broth, LPM Agar and LPM broth] were studied. After induction of L - forms in LPM broth, these forms were injected to human complete blood. In bactericidal and minimal inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, no growth of bacteria in three media was observed, but growth of bacteria in LPM broth after 72 hours was observed. Injection of S.aureus L - forms in to human blood caused changes of these forms to natural bacteria. The results confirm that use of one cell wall affecting Antibiotic alone for remedy of staphylococcal infections, may increase the risk of induction of L - forms and drug resistant bacteria

[Effect of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin in induction of S. aureus L-forms and study of their stability in blood [in vitro]]

Background: L - forms of S. aureus are cell wall -defective bacteria that grow and multiply in hypertonic media. Vancomycin is an effective antibiotic for remedy of staphylococcal infections an important inducer of L - froms. The present study investigated whether staphylococcal L - forms induction is related to concentration of vancomycin and whether these forms are stable in blood or not

Materials and methods: In this study, effect of different concentrations of vancomycin on standard strain of S.aureus [ATCC 25923] were tested; Then growth of bacteria in four media [BHI Agar, BHI broth, LPM Agar and LPM broth] were studied. After induction of L - forms in LPM broth, these forms were injected to human complete blood

Results: In bactericidal and minimal inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, no growth of bacteria in three media was observed, but growth of bacteria in LPM broth after 72 hours was observed. Injection of S.aureus L - forms in to human blood caused changes of these forms to natural bacteria

Conclusions: The results confirm that use of one cell wall affecting Antibiotic alone for remedy of staphylococcal infections, may increase the risk of induction of L - forms and drug resistant bacteria