Obstetrics Fistulae Following Caesarean Section For Neglected Obstructed Labour In Northern Nigeria

Background: Prolonged obstructed labour remains a major cause of obstetrics fistula in Northern Nigeria, and in places with high prevalence of vesico-vaginal fistula. This study aimed to determine the characteristics and risk factors of obstetrics fistulae following caesarean section for neglected obstructed labour in Northern Nigeria. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 4 fistula hospitals in Northern Nigeria from January to December 2015. All the patients who developed fistula following delivery by caesarean section (due to prolonged obstructed labour) were considered eligible for the study. A proforma was used to collect data on the research variables. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 computer statistical software package. Results: About a quarter of the study subjects (24.3%) have had a previous caesarean delivery, and about a third of them (37.8%) have had a previous unsuccessful fistula repair. Most of the study subjects (73.0%) were offered prompt emergency caesarean section at presentation, and majority of them (59.5%) were delivered of still births. The most common reason for delay at home was that they did not anticipate a difficult delivery (41.4%). The most common type of fistula seen was intra-cervical (52.3%). There was a moderate association between development of fistula and delay in the hospital, with the most common reasons being absence of doctors (25.2%) and financial constraints (22.5%). Conclusion: The large proportions of subjects with intra-cervical, ureteric and vault fistulae in this study suggest iatrogenic origin. Emergency obstetric care should be made available at the grass root level.

Rates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan

This study in 2002 determined the rate of anxiety and depression, and the associated social and environmental factors, among 87 randomly selected female medical students at a medical college in Lahore, Pakistan. Students completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale and a questionnaire about life events, social behaviour and past medical history. Overall, 43.7% of students reported anxiety and 19.5% depression. Students living in university dormitories were significantly more depressed and anxious than those living at home. Those having a history of negative life events in the recent past were more likely to be depressed. Students in their first 2 years of medical school were more stressed, and those who had more friends were less anxious and depressed

[Study of medical errors status and its necessity of education from view point of Lorestan general practitioners]

Medical errors are among the main problems of health and treatment in the world which are responsible for mortality and psychophysical complications in patients, families, and even in the society each year. Medical errors have been increasingly taken into consideration in different countries. Different strategies have been explored to prevent medical errors, one of which is undergraduates education. The aime of this research is to study the current status and the necessity of medical errors education as one of the curricula from viewpoint of general practitioners in Lorestan province graduated from different universities. A questionnaire was designed and distributed among 200 GPs in Lorestan province to be completed, then data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the survey indicated that 90% of the GPs have not been taught any courses entitled medical error prevention. Moreover, 64% had committed medical errors before graduation, out of which 47.5% had been diagnostic errors. Additionally, 60% has committed medical errors after graduation, out of which 51% has been errors in disease diagnosis. 72.5% of them stated that have not taken any education about medical errors after graduation, 88.5% considered medical error prevention education as essential, and 40% believed that the education have to be restricted to diagnostic errors. Regarding the results of the present study and the importance of the topic, teaching medical error prevention as separate credits is highly recommended for medical students, as well as GPs need to be taught related education

Prevalence of mood disorders in Iran

To study the prevalence and demographic characteristics of mood disorders among Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study [age 18] in Iran, 25180 individuals were selected through a randomized cluster sampling method for a diagnosis using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS]. They were then interviewed at home by 250 trained clinical psychologists. The estimated lifetime prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder [MOD] and Minor Depressive Disorder [mDD] were 3.1% and 0.3% respectively. Also, the estimated lifetime prevalence of Bipolar Mood disorder [BMD] type I and type II were 0.1% and 0.7% respectively. The current prevalence of MDD, mDD, BMD-I and BMD-II were 1.8%. 0.2%, 0.04%, and 0.3% respectively. Mood disorders were associated with female gender, lower education, being married, being middle-aged, living in cities, and not being a homemaker. The prevalence of mood disorders was lower among Iranian adults than reported in Western studies, and a number of demographic associations differed from those reported in Western studies: Important cultural differences in the nature or manifestation of depression are implied by these results

Tuberculosis as an occupational hazard in ward workers

The present study was designed to estimate the risk of tuberculosis in ward workers in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore. A total 53 ward workers who had been working in chest medicine and internal medicine wards for the last one year, were assessed. As regards demographics, 34 were male and 19 were female with mean age 34.3 years. Out of these workers, three [5.6%] were diagnosed as case of active tuberculosis and all these workers were male. Sputum AFB microscopy was positive in one case. Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis is known to occur and this risk is much more common in ward workers than that of general population. So it is concluded that there is a significant increased [P<0.001] risk of tuberculosis in ward workers