[ effectiveness of education on prevention of osteoporosis among high school female students]

Osteoporosis is a silent and preventable disease that mostly affects women. Osteoporosis prevention requires enhancing knowledge and awareness of students. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of education on prevention of osteoporosis among high school female students in the sixth distinct of Tehran. In this randomized controlled trial, 600 students were selected using cluster sampling method. Data were gathered using a three-part questionnaire including demographic, knowledge, and practice items. After the baseline measurement, the students were randomly allocated into intervention and control groups. Two educational sessions were held for the intervention group. At the end of the sessions, educational booklets were distributed among the students. The educational strategies included giving lectures, and practicing physical exercises. After two weeks, the participants completed the questionnaires again. The educational classes were held for the control group after the last measurements. Data analysis showed that the mean of knowledge score and the participants' practice were significantly different between two groups after the intervention [P<0.001]. Regarding the effect of education on enhancing students' awareness and practice about osteoporosis prevention, designing educational programs could be beneficial

[ effects of counseling on smoking cessation in patients suffering from COPD]

Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD [chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases]. Smoking cessation is the most effective strategy for prevention or treatment of COPD. Counseling is a efficacious method for smoking cessation. One of the nurses' roles is counseling that they can use it in patients' care. The aim of this study is evaluating the effects of counseling in smoking cessation on patient with COPD. This study is an interventional clinical trial and the subjects consisted of 160 patients who had eligibility criteria for this study. Sampling was convenience sampling and subjects were allocated to two patients groups [Interventional and control]. In interventional group smoking cessation counseling was used during 12 weeks. Counseling consisted of individual counseling Telephone counseling and self- help material. The data were collected by the questionnaire and Fagrostrom test before study and smoking rate were recorded before, 1 and 3 months after study. Research data were analyzed with spss statistic program and use of descriptive and inferential methods, such as chi2, exact fisher test, mann-whitney and etc. The rate of smoking cessation after 1 month in interventional group was 28.8% [n=23] versus in control group was 22.5% [n=18] [p<0.0001] and after 3 month in interventional group was 41.3% [n=33] versus in control group was 26.3% [n=21] [p=0.006]. Mann-whitney test showed significant difference between smoking cessation in two groups after 1 and 3 month after study. Results supported the use of smoking cessation counseling to stop smoking on patients with COPD