Udder edema and association with some serum biochemical measurands and dietary factors in first calving cows

The aims of this study were to determine some major biochemical alterations observed in first calving cows with udder edema during the periparturient period and to detect some associations between dietary factors and the disease. For that, the concentrations of some electrolytes [Na+, K+, Cl, Ca2+, P and Mg2+], lipid [triglycerides and cholesterol] markers and lipoproteins [HDL, LDL and VLDL] and total proteins were measured in serum samples collected from 70 first calving cows [35 with udder edema and 35 healthy ones] whereas the percentages of dry matter and crude proteins and the electrolyte [Na+, K+, Cl, Ca2+, Mg2+, P and sulphates] amounts in feed rations were determined in parallel. The total protein, the calcium and the phosphorus as well as the concentrations of lipid markers and lipoproteins [HDL and LDL] were significantly decreased in first calving cows with udder edema compared to the healthy ones and these biochemical alterations were correlated with a reduced dry matter content and an electrolyte desequilibrium mainly involving Na+ and Cl- in feed rations distributed to the cows with udder edema. To our knowledge the mechanism[s] of physiologic udder edema is uncertain and the obtained results suggest that a transient liver dysfunction [decreased total protein and LDL] probably linked to a feed ration deficient in dry matter may be involved in the aetiology of the udder edema in first calving cows

[Evaluation of epidemiologic and angiographic findings of 100 patients with brain AVM in imam Reza and Shahid Kamyab hospitals]

Determining of epidemiologic and angiographic findings in 100 patients with brain AVM. 100 patients with clinical and neurological symptoms and CT and MRI findings which had brain AVM after four vessel angiography, was selected. The peak incidence of clinical symptoms presentation was second decade and there was mild predominancyof male sex [59%]. Clinical findings in order of prevalence were brain hemorrhage, headache, seizure and motor deficit. In brain CT scan the most common finding was heterogeneous density mass and mass with intracranial hemorrhage. In angiography, most AVMs were grade IV that most of them had one feeding artery and two draining veins. In 10% of cases there was only superficial draining vein. In 6%, AVMs was coexistent with aneurysm. In most cases, there were patent anterior and posterior communicating arteries. Location of AVMs in eloquent and non - eloquent area of brain was equal. The most common location was parietal lobe. ICH is more than IVH or SAH. Parietal lobe is the most common site for these AVMs in our study. Most of them are in grade IV Spetzler and Martin