ABSTRACT
Multiples sclerosis is a common demyelinating disease of CNS and the main cause of disability in young adults all over the world so any research in different aspects of the disease has great value. researches in Iran are few in quantity and low in sample size. To determine clinical course and prognosis of the disease in Iranian MS patients we have studied these items in a considerable sample size. Two hundred and three definite MS patients [according to MC'donalds 2001 criteria] included in this study and a planned questionnaire completed by visiting the patients or by degree of disability estimated according to EDSS [Expanded Disability Status Scale] score system. The results analyzed with SPSS software. Mean age of the patients was 35. All required examinations have been done by a neurologist and 60.6 percent were female. Mean duration of disease was 8.3 years. the main form of onset of symptoms was sensorimotor [mixed]. Mean Attack rate was 5.5 times during the disease duration. Clinical course in 72.4 percent was relapsing-remitting type. Mean disability scale number according to EDSS was 5.2. Death rate was two percent. 69.3 percent of patients were able to work in the society. The degree of disability increased with increasing age, in lower educational state, in longer duration of the disease and in male gender. The results of clinical course and type of MS, mean of disease duration from the onset and mean EDSS are compatible and comparable with similar studies in other countries though some results are different. For future large sample, multicenter studies recommended
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , PrognosisABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent and important human metabolic disorder. More than 150 million people all over the world and near 3 million people in Iran are involved. A great number of cases are undiagnosed. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes which may results in blindness. The aim of this study was to determine frequency and progression of diabetic retinopathy and its related factors and also role of ophthalmologic consult in detecting early stages of diabetic retinopathy
Materials and methods: As a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, we studied 253 records of hospitalized diabetic patients who had ophthalmologic consultation in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital during 19 98-2002. We considered age, gender, duration of diagnosis, treatment modality, fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, blood urea, urinary protein and glucose, hypertension, and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results were analyzed with SPSS software
Results: Among 740 records that had ophthalmology consult, 253 cases [35.54%] had type2 diabetes mellitus. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy [DR] was 69.6% and background DR, preproliferative DR[NPDR] and proliferative DR[PDR] were 34.8%, 13.8% [NPDR=48%] and 20.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the diabetic retinopathy and age, duration of diagnosis, hypertension, serum creatinine, urine protein, urine glucose, blood urea, and cause of hospitalization. There was not any relationship with fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and gender
Conclusions: The frequency of OM in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were hospitalized was more than most of the other studies. In our study duration of diagnosis, age and hypertension are the factors which increase frequency of DR. In order to prevent it, ideal blood pressure control is necessary. Preventive efforts can postpone other diabetic complications such as nephropathy. Ophthalmologic consults in hospitalized diabetic patients can help us in screening, detecting early stages and appropriate treatment of DR
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent and important human metabolic disorders. More than 150 million people all over the world and near 3 million people in Iran are involved. A great number of cases are undiagnosed. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes which may result in blindness. The aim of this study was to determine frequency and progression of diabetic retinopathy and its related factors and also role of ophthalmologic consult in detecting early stages of diabetic retinopathy. As a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, we studied 253 records of hospitalized diabetic patients who had ophthalmologic consultation in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital during 1998-2002. We considered age, gender, duration of diagnosis, treatment modality, fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, blood urea, urinary protein and glucose, hypertension, and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results were analyzed with SPSS software. Among 740 records that had ophthalmology consult, 253 cases [35.54%] had type2 diabetes mellitus. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy [DR] was 69.6% and background DR, preproliferative DR [NPDR] and proliferative DR [PDR] were 34.8%, 13.8% [NPDR=48%] and 20.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the diabetic retinopathy and age, duration of diagnosis, hypertension, serum creatinine, urine protein, urine glucose, blood urea, and cause of hospitalization. There was not any relationship with fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and gender. The frequency of DM in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were hospitalized was more than most of the other studies. In our study duration of diagnosis, age and hypertension are the factors which increase frequency of DR. In order to prevent it, ideal blood pressure control is necessary. Preventive efforts can postpone other diabetic complications such as nephropathy. Ophthalmologic consults in hospitalized diabetic patients can help us in screening, detecting early stages and appropriate treatment of DR