ABSTRACT
Background: F.Benghalensis is known to have medicinal effect and is beneficial in treating mouth ulcers. A.Indicais rich in antioxidants and helps to boost the immune response in gum and tissues of the mouth. Neem offers a good remedy for curing mouth ulcers, tooth decay and acts as a pain reliever.M.Piperita contains antimicrobial and anti- inflammatory properties that promote oral hygiene. Aim: To prepare a mouth wash formulation containing F.benghalensis, A.indica, M.piperita. To determine the cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of mouthwash formulation containing F.benghalensis, A.indica, M.piperita. Materials and Methods: In the present study, preparation of herbal mouthwash formulation was carried out initially and then the cytoxicity and antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash was assessed. The antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash formula- tion was carried out using agar well diffusion method. Different concentrations of mouthwash were tested against Streptococ- cus mutans, E.faecalis, lactobacillus and Candida albicans. The cytoxicity activity of the mouthwash was assessed using brine shrimp lethality assay method. Results: The cytotoxic activity was found to be better at low concentration. 8 nauplii survived at 5 ?L, 10 ?L, 20 ?L after 24 hours. The antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash formulation showed that the mouthwash formulation had the highest zone of inhibition seen in 100 ?L concentration on C.albicans almost similar to the control antibiotic in comparison to the oral pathogens. Discussion: Ficus benghalensis, Azadirachta indica & Mentha piperita extracts have many medicinal properties. Our study has evaluated the combination of these three extracts in a mouthwash formulation and has found positive results. Conclusion: The mouth wash formulation had better antimicrobial activity and exhibited less cytotoxicity at lower concentrations.
ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology has introduced nanoparticulate form of selenium for a wide variety of applications. Nanoparticles can be used in medicine due to their increased interaction with microbes and also because it has fewer side effects than the drugs. Selenium nanoparticles have unique biomedical applications ranging from antioxidant activity to anticancer activity. It is distinct with its high biological activity and low toxicity and cytotoxic property. Capparis decidua also called as karira belonging to Capparaceae family is a xerophytic small branched shrub found in Africa, Middle East and South Asia. Its fruit is used for preparing curry and pickles in the western parts of India. In our study, the selenium nanoparticles were extracted from its fruit. Candida albicans is pathogenic yeast in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and the urogenital tract affecting the immunocompromised patients and causes various types of infections. It has gained resistance to present antifungals and new formulations are needed to be discovered. MethodsPlant extract was prepared from Capparis decidua fruit powder and filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. It was kept in magnetic stirrer for nanoparticle synthesis. Colour change was observed which indicates the synthesis of nanoparticles. UV visible spectroscopy was taken in proper intervals. The nanoparticles synthesized were purified by centrifugation technique and checked for its antifungal activity. Antifungal activity of the prepared nanoparticles against Candida albicans was determined by using agar well diffusion assay method or agar disc diffusion method. The zone of inhibition formed around the disc indicates the sensitivity of the fungi to the plant extract. The inhibition zone diameter was measured using a ruler and compared with the inhibition zone formed by the positive control drug which was done in parallel. ResultsAntifungal activity was showed by an inhibition zone which was characterized by a clear zone around the wells. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed for 50 mL of the plant extract was 20.33 mm ± 0.47, for 100 mL of the plant extract was 28.33 mm ± 0.47, for 150 mL of the plant extract was 30.33 mm ± 0.47 and for the positive control drug was 34.33 mm ± 0.47. ConclusionsThe diameter of the inhibition zones was compared with the positive control drug. Selenium nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua fruit showed high activity against Candida albicans. Further in vivo research can be done for the same and it may represent an alternative for treating fungal infections.
ABSTRACT
Zinc oxide nanoparticles play a vital role in diagnostics, biomolecular detection, and microelectronics. Several conventional methods are used for synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. But, toxic chemicals are required as capping agents to maintain stability, thus leading to toxicity in the environment. Thus, we need to shift to “green synthesis”. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles reinforced with clove and cinnamon.METHODSCytotoxic effect, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles reinforced with clove and cinnamon extract were assessed using Brine Shrimp Assay, Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and DPPH Assay respectively at 5 µL, 10 µL, 20 µL, 30 µL, 50 µL.RESULTSAs the concentration increased, the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles increased. Values for anti-inflammatory property of nanoparticles was higher than the standard values at all concentrations. Percentage of inhibition was highest at 40 µL (91.1%) and 50 µL (90.5%). The values for antioxidant property of nanoparticles was found to be higher than the standard values at all concentrations except at 50 µL. Percentage of inhibition was highest at 20 µL (86.2%).CONCLUSIONSZinc oxide nanoparticles reinforced with clove and cinnamon extract have a potential as an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent and can be used as an alternative to commercially available products.