ABSTRACT
White spot, as one of the infectious viral diseases, has made severe losses in shrimp ponds all over the world. Despite extensive efforts made to deal with and control the disease, white spot continues to be a major health problem in shrimp farms across Iran. In this work, the significance of the risk factors of white spot disease epidemic occurred in shrimp ponds of Choubdeh farming site in Khuzestan province of Iran is determined. A cross sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2010, to September 22, 2010 in 223 shrimp ponds of the site. Data was collected on 17 variables, thought to be associated with the occurrence and epidemic of white spot, with the aid of the shrimp ponds owners and fisheries and veterinary organizations. The occurrence of white spot disease in the farming site was determined by clinical symptoms and the results of conventional PCR tests, the effectiveness of the risk factors was established by odds ratio [OR]. It is found that poor management of birds fighting [OR=3.72], less educated farm foreman [OR=3.29] and poor filtration of the intake water [OR= 3.43] are significantly affected the occurrence of the disease while little changes in the salinity of shrimp ponds [OR =0.1 6] decreases the odds of the disease. These findings help better develop shrimp farming across Iran, especially in Khuzestan province
ABSTRACT
Provisional cements are used to temporarily retain provisional and permanent fixed restorations on the prepared teeth. The retentive strengths of two different local made and imported brand of zinc oxide-eugenol provisional cements were evaluated in this study. This experimental study was conducted by using 36 cylindrical amalgam cores with a width of 5.9 mm and height of 6 mm that were made by condensing amalgam in brass molds. Thirty-three cylindrical spaces with a width of 6 mm and height of 6 mm were prepared in the center of Rexillium III alloy cast rods. Cores were divided into two groups and retainers were cemented with both types of cements. The samples were stored in 100% humidity at 37°C. DARTEK testing machine was used to test samples at 0.02 cm/minute cross head speed for their retentive strength. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney statistical test. Mean separation force in the group of local made cement was 38.2 +/- 10.02, while it was 153.9 +/- 26.05 MPA in the imported group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant [P<0.0005]. Based on the findings of this study the retentive strength of local made provisional cement was significantly lower than the imported one
Subject(s)
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol CementABSTRACT
Background: PTSD[Post Traumatic Stress Disorder] was happened in who was put in fearing or helplessness situation against the danger occurrence and effort to avoidance it. This symptom may was began after event and affected all of the person's life. This study was design to determine of PTSD prevalence in conscript and official staff of NEZAJA in Tehran by 2005-6
Materials and methods: this cross sectional study was done on 355 conscript and official staff of NEZAJA Garrison. Clustered stratified sampling was done to select the samples. PTSD was diagnosed on DSM-IV-TR criteria by psychologists. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS11.5
Results: age average of conscript and official staff of NEZAJA was 20.68 years old and the average mean duration of their employment was 24 month. Prevalence of PTSD disorder in Conscript and official staff of NEZAJA was 14.9%. The most common cause of the PTSD was motor accident[30.2%], explosion[9.4%]. The patients had more age and mean time of employment. [P<0.05]
Conclusion: prevalence of PTSD disorder in Conscript and official staff of NEZAJA was 14.9%. It is advised to reduce conscription period time, enhance safety standard and increase professional education
ABSTRACT
Background: nicotine dependency appears very quickly and strongly affected by environments condition. Smoking caused secondary death by immionosystem debilitation. Almost 25. 6% of high school student in Tehran have smoking experience. The men who are in hard condition of battle was dependent on nicotine 2 more time. This study was done to determine Relative Risk [RR] of smoking in conscripted soldier in Tehran since 2005-6
Materials and Methods: this descriptive cross sectional study was done on 385 conscript of NEZAJA Garrison. Clustered stratified sampling was done to select the samples from 3 tehran NEZAJA Garrison. The diagnose of disease based on DSM-IV-TR criteria by psychologist interview and diagnosis. The diagnosis based on self report of NEZAJA conscript
Results: most of the conscript of NEZAJA have primery education[42. 1%], rural[50. 9%] and 14. 3% of them were smoker 22. 1% of them have history of smoking. [87. 3%] of them had been smoker in selective service. The most incidence of smoking addiction was occur before selective service period[22%] and [13%] in period of selective service. Sectional prevalence in selective service period[7%] is less than before selective service period [14.3%]. The prevalence of smoking was less before selective service period[22.1%] and[19.5%] in selective service period [RR=2. 02]. There is increase in prevalence of smoking about 7. 3% in selective service period
Conclusion: this study on the conscripts of NEZAJA garrison showed the service in army despite of prescription and limitation of Tehran garrison based on smoking forbiddance, there is an increase in smoking addiction
ABSTRACT
Assessment of the capability of Geranium herbarum escence in control of fungal contamination rainbow trout eggs. Experimental study. About 16 kg eggs of 3-4 years old Oncorhynchus mykiss brooders [232464 eggs]. The effects of this escence [1,5,10,25,50 and 100ppm] was daily evaluated until the eyed egg stage [about 18-20 days]. The positive control was treated with 1 ppm malachite green and the negative one assessed without any drugs. Analysis of Variance and t-student by SPSS. Culturing of affected eggs showed a contamination of Saprolegnia parasitica and Fusarium solani was obsereved. MIC valuse of Geranium escence against Saprolegnia and Fusarium were 4.8 and 18.2 ppm respectively. The geranium escence specially at 25, 50 and 100 ppm had significant difference compare to negative control [p<0.05]
ABSTRACT
Background: suicide is the self naughting. Army suicide have special condition because of catastrophic effect on their family and military environment. This study proceeds the frequency of Suicidal-thinking in NEZAJA personnel in Tehran within 2005-2006
Materials and Methods: this cross sectional study was done on 321 conscript and official staff of NEZAJA Garrison. Clustered stratified sampling was done to select the samples. The diagnose of disease based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. At first 3 garrisons were selected and sampling on population proportion of them on verbal interview was done
Results: 15.3% of samples had suicidal thinking and 1.9% of them mention to suicide history. The frequency of suicidal thinking in conscript [19.8%] and who psychiatric disease history [84.2%] was more. There is no significant difference between different education level of military personnel
Conclusions: suicidal thinking in conscript of NEZAJA Garrison and those having underling psychiatric disease was more. The result of this study was compatible whit previous study
ABSTRACT
The use of medical plants is necessary as the antifungal agent substitute the malachite green for control of fungal pollution in salmonid hatcharies. The capability of Eucaliptus camaldolensis escence in control of fungal pollution about 50 kg trout eggs 4 years old Oncorhynchus mykiss brooders were evaluated in clinical and farm conditions, with using of 1,5,10,25,50 and 100 ppm dosages of this escence daily with 3 repetition until the eyed egg stage [about 18-20 days]. Besides, under the equal condition, the positive control group was treated with 1 ppm malachite green and the negative control group was assessed without any drugs. After culturing of fungal eggs, a pollution of Saprolegnia parasitica and Fusarium solani was obsereved. MIC result of Eucaliptus escence against Saprolegnia was 2.3 and against Fusarium was 8.2 ppm. Measuring the physical and chemical factors of water, no negative effect is recognized. The eucalyptus escence specially in the doses of 25, 50 and 100 ppm is significantly different from negative control group [p< 0.05] and created suitable inhibition aginst water fungi
Subject(s)
Rosaniline Dyes , Oncorhynchus mykiss , Eggs , Fungi , Plants, Medicinal , Trout , Water PollutantsABSTRACT
The laboratory infection of Lymnaea gedrosiana with 2,5 and 10 miracidia of Fasciola gigantica resulted in infection rates of 20%, 40% and 69%, respectively, with a prepatent Period of 66-88 days. There was a significant difference in infection rate between the snails infected with 2 and those with 10 miracidia [P<0.05]. At 92 days post- infection there was 25% to 33.3% of live snails still harboring immature stages of F.gigantica larvae. The mortality rate of the infected and non-infected control groups showed no marked differences