ABSTRACT
Background: In developing countries, malnutrition's is one of the challenges that still need to be addressed. Undernutrition is usually a result of the unavailability of food and/or repeated infections in children. Countries with comparatively lower per-capita incomes as well as those with middle per-capita income have its increased prevalence in younger age. Social dilemma of mothers, like exclusively breastfeeding, heavy clothing's and practice of keeping babies inside the doors, lead vitamin D deficiency and ultimately into nutritional rickets. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of factors leading to nutritional rickets in children ages 6 months to 24 months.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan from March to December 2017. After inclusion/exclusion criteria, total 160 patients of rickets were observed. Detailed history followed by vitamin D level (<15 ng/ml) was measure. Data was analyzed by SPSS-22 and all documents were locked with principal author.Results: Present study showed that 62% children were in age ranged 6-12 months and 38% children were in age range 13-24 months. Mean age was 12 months with SD'2.16. Seventy nine percent children were male, and 21% children were females. More over 52% children had exclusive breast feeding, and 48% children did not have exclusive breast feeding. Similarly, 15% children had limited sun-light exposure and 85% children did not have limited sun-light exposure.Conclusions: Present study concluded that a lack of health education and sunlight exposure and exclusive breastfeeding were the significant risk factors contributed to nutritional rickets among children of Abbottabad, Pakistan.
ABSTRACT
This article highlights the role of prucalopride in the management of chronic constipation based upon the principles of meta-analysis using data reported in the published randomized, controlled trials. Sixteen randomized, controlled trials on 3943 patients reported the effectiveness of prucalopride in patients with chronic constipation. Prucalopride successfully increased the frequency of spontaneous bowel movements per week in all variable doses of 1 mg (standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.42 [95% CI, 0.18-0.66; P = 0.006]), 2 mg (SMD, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.11-0.56; P = 0.003]), and 4 mg (SMD, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.22-0.44; P = 0.00001]). The risks of adverse events or side effects such as headache, abdominal cramps, excessive flatulence, dizziness, diarrhea, and rash were higher (odds ratio, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.27 to -2.27; P = 0.0004]) in prucalopride group. Prucalopride is clinically a beneficial pharmacotherapy for chronic constipation and its routine use may be considered in patients with chronic simple laxative-resistant constipation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Colic , Constipation , Diarrhea , Dizziness , Drug Therapy , Exanthema , Flatulence , Headache , LaxativesABSTRACT
We present the case of an 80 year old female with a three week history of lower backache and a pulsatile mass in the epigastrium. CT angiogram confirmed the presence of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm [AAA] co-existent with a horseshoe kidney [HSK]. Due to associated co-morbidities of hypertension, moderate renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and morbid obesity, she underwent endovascular repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm. The presence of the horseshoe kidney poses significant difficulty during open repair of AAA, which can be circumvented in favourable cases by endovascular repair, though the latter procedure is not risk-free
ABSTRACT
We report a case of an eleven year old girl with pyrexia of unknown origin whose illness remained undiagnosed after extensive investigations. We were able to localize the disease to abdomen with a Gallium Whole Body Scan. In the background of a history of tuberculosis in a family member in an endemic area, empirical anti-tuberculosis treatment was given with clinical success that was also demonstrated on a repeat Gallium scan four months later