ABSTRACT
Monitoring of patients' temperature is an important clinical nursing task. Proper treatment of patients is possible by controlling the body temperature accurately. Body temperature is usually taken at different sites like rectum, month, axillaries and tympanic. Rectal temperature measurement as a less invasive method has been used for a long time. The aim of this study was untaken to compare two methods of tympanic and rectal temperature measurement. A comparative study design was used to recruit a convenient sample of 336 patients in study. They ranged in age from 16 to 85. The tympanic temperatures were measured using the Braun ThermoScan type 6020 and the rectal temperatures were measured by Samsung digital. The measurement accuracy of both thermometers was 0.1 °C, according to those manufactures. Collected data were inserted to SPSS and Medcalc sofwares and analyzed through descriptive statistics, paired t-test, Pearson coefficient, Bland-Altman's analysis, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. P-value less than 0.05 considered significant. Using Paired t-test, it was revealed that tympanic and rectal mean temperatures were significantly different [P<0.0001]. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that the mean rectal temperatures were 0.23°C more than the mean of tympanic temperatures, with ranges of agreement between -0.98°C to 0.51°C for right tympanic temperatures and the limits of agreement between -0.88°C to 0.41°C for left tympanic temperatures. There was also high correlation between right [r=0.88] and left [r= 0.89] tympanic temperatures [P<0.0001]. Despite high correlation between rectal and tympanic temperature, their differences were significant both statistically and clinically. It could be concluded that tympanic temperature can't reflect the rectal temperature with high agreement. Based on the study's result, tympanic method couldn't be an excellent alternative for rectal method. However, each of them has special performances, advantages and disadvantages in clinical practice
ABSTRACT
Heart diseases are the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality of people throughout the world. Cardiac rehabilitation is a mean for decreasing length of stay in hospital and restoration of patient after myocardial infarction. In order to dealing with consequences of disturbed health status it may be accomplished at home accompanied by patient education and psychological support plans. This review of literature conducted by searching in Following Medical databases: Elsevier, Proquest, PUBMED, Blackwell Synergy and journals such As: Rehabilitation Nursing and Journal of Advanced Nursing with selection of articles include pertinent subjects. This literature review showed us the main factors influencing referral to cardiac rehabilitation such as: gender, marital status, ethnicity, proximity to rehabilitation centers, type of cardiac problem and insurance status. Psychological factors such as: depression, anxiety, social support and self-sufficiency were also important in the referral success cardiac rehabilitation is in Flounced by adherence to Following the scheduled plans and charging the lifestyle. This lit. Review shows that the obstacles of participating in cardiac Rehabilitation programs should be known and addressed. It might be the responsibility of nurses to assist the patients and their families in modifying their life style and addressing other factors such as physical activity. Nurses and other should assist the patients to achieve a desirable level of autonomy and independence in a short period of time