ABSTRACT
Numbers of PFC-IgG were enumerated in the peripheral blood of different groups of patients having chronic infection with HBV. In this study we included eight patients of chronic hepatitis B [CHB], seven HBV-healthy carriers, seven patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis [AICAH] that had many markers of HBV in their sera and ten healthy humans [control group] were investigated. A significantly [P<0.001] increased number of PFC-IgG in the peripheral blood of AICAH was observed as compared to the control group. No such difference was observed in the other two groups of patients [CHB and HBV-HC].
Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis B/immunology , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B , Antibodies, AntinuclearABSTRACT
The corrosion behavior of nickel was studied in molten Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 mixture at temperatures of 475, 500, 525 and 550°C. The following techniques of measurements used were: corrosion potential under open circuit, galvanic current, galvanostatic polarization, and impedance. The amount of nickel dissolved in the melt was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. These measurements showed that the oxidation and passivation of nickel may be due to the formation of NiO, which can be formed by dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism. It was proposed that the dissociation of the carbonate ions and diffusion of nickel oxide near the surface are probably the slowest steps in the oxidation and passivation of nickel, while the other steps proceed fast. At temperatures of 525 and 530°C, under open circuit conditions some NiO, oxide may dissolve in the melt, this as indicated from the obtained results. Under high polarization conditions the oxidation of divalent nickel to trivalent nickel, may occur in the solid state. The reaction occurring at passivation breakdown region is represented by the anodic decomposition of carbonate ions and evolution of CO2 and O2 gases. The high resistance of oxide scales, formed on nickel, and diffusion processes occurring there greatly affect the results of impedance measurements
Subject(s)
Humans , Plasmids , Campylobacter/drug effects , Child , Conjugation, Genetic , Transformation, GeneticABSTRACT
One of the most highly effective methods for producing oil soluble corrosion inhibitors is the process of direct nitration of mineral oils with nitric acid. The nitrated oils that are thus obtained, containing nitro-and carboxynitro-compounds, after neutralization of their carboxyls with alkali or alkaline earth metals, are good corrosion inhibitors. The best protective properties are shown by the products obtained by nitrating the oils with at least 350 molecular weight. Such inhibitors are completely miscible with oils and may used either independently in the protection of metals against atmospheric corrosion, or as anti-corrosion additives for oils, greases, fuels, etc. Recently, nitrated oils possessing good anticorrosion properties were obtained from high viscosity index [HVI] mineral oils derived from Kirkuk crudes. It was also established that the nitrated triaromatic constituents in these oils were the main contributors to corrosion inhibition. Since low viscosity index [LVI] oils derived from distillates treated with low furfural/ distillate ratio, are richer in their tri-aromatic constituents, it would be of practical importance to investigate the activity of a nitrated LVI oil in inhibiting corrosion and to compare it with that of a nitrated HVI oil from the same grade distillate but treated with a higher furfural / distillate ratio