Correlation of vitamin C and E with lipid profile in hemodialysis patients

The present study was planned and carried out to see the level of vitamin C, vitamin E and lipid profile in ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis, and also the immediate effect of dialysis on vitamin C and E levels. Serum was tested from 50 ESRD patients on hemodialysis and 15 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. No significant correlation could be elicited between the post dialysis fall of vitamin C level of [6 mg/l or more than 6 mg/l] in patient with abnormal triglyceride level. Similarly no significant correlation could be elicited between predialysis vitamin E level of [less than 6 mg/l] and triglyceride level. Lipid profile of patient and control showed no significant difference in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL level, but the triglyceride level was significantly higher in both male and female patients as compared with control subjects

Role of infection in bladder stone disease in children

The urine from 180 children with bladder stone disease [BSD] was cultured for evidence of urinary tract infection. Fifty eight [22.2%] BSD children had positive urine culture. E. Coli was the commonest organism [52%] followed by B. Proteus [31%]. There was a significant relationship [P < 0.001] between high urinary pH and growth of B. Proteus whereas E. Coli was positively correlated with lower urinary pH. On correlating urinary tract infection with surface constituents of analysed stones, uric acid was more commonly seen in sterile urine [P < 0.05]. On infrared spectroscopic analysis of calculi calcium phosphate occurred significantly more frequently [P < 0.01] in the group with infected urine

Analysis of urinary calculi by chemical methods

Two hundred twelve samples from 90 stones obtained from one hundred consecutive children with bladder stone disease [BSD] were analysed by qualitative and quantitative chemical methods. Majority [72%] of the stones were spherical in shape while 51% had mammilated surface. Children in older age group had heavier stones [P < 0.05]. The calculi were predominantly of mixed type [88.9%]. Calcium oxalate was the commonest [97.7%] compound detected by qualitative chemical method. The central portion of calculi showed a significantly higher [P < 0.02] occurrence of ammonium urate compared to the surface. Uric acid was present in surface layer in significantly higher [P < 0.05] number in patients with uninfected urine. On quantitative analysis calcium and oxalate occurred in significantly higher [P < 0.01] percentage in surface layers, while urate occurred more frequently [P < 0.05] in the central portion of calculi. On comparing the two chemical methods of stone analysis, a good agreement was seen in the detection of calcium, oxalate and urate but phosphate was missed in 39% samples by the qualitative method and in 10% samples by quantitative method