ABSTRACT
Background: Primary health centre (PHC) is a basic health unit to provide an integrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population as close to the people as possible, with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care.Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted in Belagavi district of Karnataka in India. Twenty PHCs, two PHCs from each of the 10 talukas of Belagavi district were selected by simple random sampling. The study period was from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2014. Data was collected using a predesigned and structured questionnaire for IPHS facility survey.Results: In this study, only 60% of primary health centres covered the population as per the IPHS norms. All the PHCs were providing the regular outpatient department (OPD) services, referral services, antenatal care, family planning and in-patient services. Bed occupancy rate was less than 40% in 55% of PHCs. Building area in 75% of PHCs were inadequate according to IPHS norms. Residential facility for staff was available only in half of the studied PHCs.Conclusions: IPHS guidelines were not fully being followed at PHC level in the district. Though the requirement of medical officers and pharmacists was fulfilled in almost all the PHCs, deficiency was seen in the appointing of Ayush doctors and staff nurses at PHCs. There is an urgent need of recruiting the deficient staff for efficient functioning of the PHCs.
ABSTRACT
Background: Overweight and obesity is the underlying cause of death for about 3 million people each year. More than 100 million individuals are obese in India. Few studies have been carried out among Indian undergraduate students where irregular dietary pattern, stress and anxiety are more prevalent due to academic pressure. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of over-weight and obesity in Medical and Allied Science students.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 922 medical and allied science undergraduate students of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Karnataka, after obtaining the institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Information was obtained with the help of pre-designed, pretested semi-structured questionnaire by self-administered method and anthropometric measurement.Results: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among students was 23.6% and 5.2% respectively. Prevalence of overweight among male students was 28.7% and 18.6 % in female. Obese male students were 5.5% and 5 % were obese in female.Conclusions: About one fourth of the students were overweight and more than one in twenty students were obese. Overweight and obesity was more in male than female. Background: Overweight and obesity is the underlying cause of death for about 3 million people each year. More than 100 million individuals are obese in India. Few studies have been carried out among Indian undergraduate students where irregular dietary pattern, stress and anxiety are more prevalent due to academic pressure. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of over-weight and obesity in Medical and Allied Science students.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 among 922 medical and allied science undergraduate students of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Karnataka, after obtaining the institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Information was obtained with the help of pre-designed, pretested semi-structured questionnaire by self-administered method and anthropometric measurement.Results: Overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among students was 23.6% and 5.2% respectively. Prevalence of overweight among male students was 28.7% and 18.6 % in female. Obese male students were 5.5% and 5 % were obese in female.Conclusions: About one fourth of the students were overweight and more than one in twenty students were obese. Overweight and obesity was more in male than female.
ABSTRACT
Background: In the recent years diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as a major public health problem worldwide with potential to develop vascular and neuropathic complications. HbA1c has got an important role in monitoring the treatment and risk of developing micro and macrovascular complications. Present study is done to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in association with raise in HbA1c and also to correlate the severity of Diabetic retinopathy with the levels of HbA1c.Methods: In this descriptive observational study 50 diabetes mellitus patients with visual disturbances who attended the Department of General medicine and Department of Ophthalmology between January 2012 to December 2012 at Vydehi institute of medical sciences and research centre are selected. All the patients were subjected to the relevant investigations along with dilated retinal examination and slit lamp examination. The results were tabulated according to the severity of retinopathy and other clinical variables.Results: In this study majority of the patient were in the age group of 61-70 years and 68% were male patients. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 9.8±5.34 years. Also 54% of them had coexisting hypertension. Present study showed the presence of diabetic retinopathy in 64% of patients, out of which 24% of them had mild DR and 14% had moderate DR.Conclusions: Present study showed as the HbA1c level increases severity of the diabetic retinopathy also increases. And also, patients who had microalbuminuria and longer the duration of diabetes higher the chances of microvascular complications. Hence HbA1c can be used as a useful tool to assess the long-term control of diabetes mellitus and hence the development of diabetic retinopathy.