ABSTRACT
Stricture urethra has been always a surgical challenge. Different opinions regarding time require healing at anastomotic site after urethroplasty, so various strategies are there regarding time for post-operative catheter removal. In this study, healing was assessed by pericatheter retrograde urethrogram [PUG] before the catheter removal. Prospective study was conducted from January 2006 to December 2009. Twenty eight cases of short-segment urethral stricture [<2 cm] who underwent urethroplasty were included and divided into two groups depending upon etiology; post-traumatic group [road traffic accident/straddle type injury] and iatrogenic stricture group [due to prolong catheterization/after cystoscopy/Faulty Foleys balloon placement]. Post-operative PUG was done on 14[th] post-operative day in all patients for healing assessment. Extravasation of dye on PUG was taken as anastomotic leak. If the patient had not showed extravasation, the catheter was removed. Otherwise it was kept further for next one week and again PUG was done for healing assessment. Extravasation of dye was noted in 4 patients [33%] of iatrogenic group and 14 patients [87.5%] of the post-traumatic group on 14[th] post-operative day PUG. [P = 0.05]. The decision to remove catheter was depended upon PUG finding and it was safe, no complication was developed in any patient. Iatrogenic strictures have better healing than post-traumatic stricture in the post-operative period. PUG is a safe and simple procedure and can guide about safe removal of catheter in the post-operative period
ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the effect of helminthic infection as Nematode parasite like Aspiculuris tetraptera on the haematological parameters of infected and vaccinated mice. Totally 15 mice were used. Five mice were used for positive control, 5 mice used for negative control and 5 mice used for experiment. The hematological parameters were studied viz. RBC, Hb, and serum protein values. The mice carrying heavy infection showed decrease in the Hb, RBC, and serum protein but in the vaccinated mice, all studied parameters were become on normal range. The level of immune response was assessed based on above studied hematological parameters in infected and vaccinated mice with Aspiculuris tetraptera. The increased value of RBC, Hb and Serum protein in infected and vaccinated mice compared to infected and non vaccinated suggested the involvement of blood parameters in immune response. This study also proves that somatic antigen of A. tetraptera was effective in imparting immunity in mice