ABSTRACT
Background: Clinical examination of Deep tendon reflexes is a skilled technique that should be taught in an interesting way. Newer teaching learning methods like Video assisted teaching can be utilized to facilitate self-directed and long term learning and to cultivate enhanced interest in the study.Method: Among 120 students are divided into 6 groups. Each group is divided into two batches of 10 members each. 6 batches are taught deep tendon reflexes separately by DOAP. 6 batches are taught deep tendon reflexes separately by video assisted teaching. At the end of teaching and 2 weeks later, each batch is assessed by OSCE . Objective Structured Clinical Examination checklist marks are systematically entered in an excel sheet and was analysed using unpaired t-test .The perception to each teaching learning method was assessed by feedback Questionnaire using Likert Scale.Results: On comparing between the effectiveness of video assisted teaching and clinical demonstration of the examination of deep tendon reflexes , students taught by video assisted teaching scored higher marks in the evaluation after two weeks, which was statistically significant. Regarding perception, students favoured both teaching methods for their effectiveness. For clarifying doubts, students favoured DOAP method. For reproducibility and better retaining of memory, students favoured video assisted teaching.Conclusion: Video assisted teaching was equally effective as DOAP in teaching deep tendon reflexes to medical students. For reproducibility and better retaining of memory, Video assisted teaching was perceived better as reflected in the better mean scores two weeks after the teaching sessions.
ABSTRACT
Background: Body fat abnormalities and metabolic derangements are well known to occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The objective of present study was to evaluate the anthropometric parameters, fasting lipid profile and fasting blood sugar in treatment naïve HIV patients and to assess any relation with CD4 count.Methods: Anthropometric measurements, latest CD4 count were recorded from HIV patients. Blood was collected from patients for lipid profile and sugar measurements.Results: Anthropometric parameters showed a gradual increase in waist circumference (WC), increase in waist hip ratio (WHR) and decrease in body mass index (BMI) as CD4 count declined. Fasting lipid profile showed a gradual decrease in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and increase in triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as CD4 count declined which were statistically highly significant (P<0.001). Compared to higher CD4 group (350-500/ mm3), the lower CD4 group (<50/mm3) showed a decrease in mean total cholesterol by 60 mg/dL, LDL-C by 76 mg/dL and HDL-C by 13 mg/dL. The increase in mean TG and VLDL-C were 154 mg/dL and 30 mg/dL respectively. Comparison of fating blood sugar (FBS) between CD4 groups showed a gradual rise in FBS as CD4 count declined.Conclusions: As CD4 count declines, metabolic alterations occur in treatment-naïve HIV patients with substantial decrease in serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and an increase in TG and VLDL-C and increased incidence of impaired FBS. Morphological alteration in advanced HIV is evidenced by increased WC, WHR and decreased BMI.