ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the prognostic value of the Para pharyngeal space involvement in nasopharyngeal carcinoma T 2 disease [UICC 1997 classification]. From January 1997 and December 20G1 32 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were examined by CT scan and according to the 1997 International Union Against Cancer [UICC] staging system 15 had stage T2a MO [G1] and 17 T2hMO[G2]. The median age was 47 years .The male to female ratio was 1.81 [G1]; 4.3[G2] All patients were pathologically confirmed by biopsy from the nasopharynx as having UCNT in 100%[G1] and 94%[G2].The node involvement was 52%for the GI[N2: 26%, N3: 26%] and 80%for the G2[N2: 47%, N3: 41%]. Both neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed for advanced N disease and only radiotherapy for NO. Examination and CT scan were performed for the evaluation of the treatment. The completely clinical remission after chemotherapy was 12.5%[G1] and 53%[G2], partial remission was 25%[G1] and 35%[G2]. The CT scan control wasn't performed for all patients. The complete response was 69%[G1] and 53%[G2]: partial response was 6%for both two groups. The median follow op was 79 months. Disease free survival rates were 70%for G1 [T2a] and 48%for G2 T2b]. Distant metastasis rates were 26%[G1] vs 6%[G2] and more likely in the presence of advanced N disease. Five years overall survival was 78%[G1] T2a vs 55%[G2] T2b.The N disease was correlated to metastasis as overall survival was 66.7%for N3 disease vs 85.7%for NO. Parapharyngeal tumor involvement affects local and regional tumor failure. Subclassification of T2 disease into T2a112b should have an impact on treatment strategies
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology , Pharynx , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , CarcinomaABSTRACT
A contraceptive prevalence survey was conducted among 1277 women of reproductive age, to explore knowledge of and attitudes to contraceptive use and study factors influencing contraceptive use. We found that family planning methods were generally well known. The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 53.6%, IUDs being the most commonly used followed by sterilization and pills. The public sector was the main source for obtaining contraceptives although pills and condoms tended to be obtained from the private sector. There was a significant correlation between contraceptive use and urban residence