newborn infant with vesiculobullous skin lesions

Incontinentia Pigmenti Syndrome [IPS] is a rare hyperpigmentary disorder with an X-Iinked dominant inheritance. It is characterized by four phases, vesicular, verucous, pigmentary, and hypopigmentary stages that often is associated with ocular, dental and central nervous system abnormalities. We describe an eleven days old girl with multiple erythematous vesiculoboltous skin lesions were found at birth over distal part of her limbs and trunk. The family history for IPS was negative. The cause of incontinentia pigmenti has been traced to a defective gene on the X chromosome called NEMO, but genetic heterogeneity may exist. IPS may also arise as a spontaneous mutation

clinical and epidemiological features of hydatid disease in children in Tabriz, Iran

One of the most serious helminthic infections in humans with widespread occurrence is hydatid disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the characteristic of hydatid disease in children admitted to the Tabriz Children's Hospital in the eastern Azarbaijan Province in northwest of Iran. Over a period of 6 years [2001-2006] patients with diagnosis of hydatid cysts retrospectively identified. The clinical and epidemiologic data in these patients and therapeutic outcome were analysed. Twenty three patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria. The mean age was 8.52 +/- 3.088 years [range, 4 to 13 years]. The male: female ratio was 1.09. Lung cysts were found in 17 [73.9%] and liver cysts in 11 patients [47.8%]. Seven patients [30.4%] had coexisting cysts in lungs and livers and 2 [8.7%] had cysts only in their kidneys. Conservative surgical treatment was carried out in all patients and cases who had multiple cysts received albendazol. This information may be useful for assessing the cost effectiveness of designing effective public health programs to control echinococcos in this and other endemic areas

Antimicrobial resistance trends in shigella species among patients with acute diarrhea

Infections due to Shigella spp. cause substantial morbidity worldwide. The possibility that shigella strains develop resistance to antimicrobial drugs necessitates a continuous program to determine the sensitivity. The study was carried out to determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance of shigella species among patients with acute diarrhea. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of shigella strains isolated from children with acute diarrhea were studied during 2002-2004 in Children Hospital of Tabriz. Iran. A total of 43 isolalted shigella strains, Shigella flexneri [39 cases] was the most prevalent species, followed by shigella sonnei [4 cases]. The Shigella flexneri isolates were highly resistant to ampicilin [89.6%] and trimetoprim - sulfamethoxzol [89.1%]. Multidrug resistance were in 67.8% cases. Almost all Shigella sonnie exhibited resistance to ampicilin and 75% to trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazol. All isolates were suseptible to third generation cephalosporins and nalidixic acid. Suseptibility to gentamicin, amikacin and chloramphenicole was observed in 89.8%, 82.5% and 69% respectively. These results suggest the shigella flexneri is the important species in this region with high resistance to commonly used antibiotics [Ampicilin, Cotrimoxazol]. Therefore its better to prevent unnecessary usage of antibiotic in children diarrhea to avoid more bacterial resistance

comparison of the antibody response against Hepatitis B vaccine surface antigen between preterm and full term neonates

Infection with hepatitis B virus is one of the most common causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic cell carcinoma in IRAN. Thirty percents of Iranian population are the carriers of hepatitis B virus. Forty percent have history of previous contact with this virus and three percent of them will have chronic hepatitis. The common routes for transmission is blood transfusion and it's products, feto- maternal route and sexual contact. To compare response of premature and full term infants to hepatitis B vaccine this study was performed. The immunginicity of hepatitis B vaccine was assessed. In 70 preterm infants immunized soon after birth, and compared with that in 80 term infants. Hepatitis B surface antibody [anti HBS] was measured at three months after the third dose of vaccine [1 year]. The significance of differences between the term and preterm groups was determined using routine statistical test. Similar proportion of infants in both preterm and term groups attained protective titers of hepatitis B antibodies [98/7%vs 97/1%, p=NS]. Mean antibody level to hepatitis B surface antigen in preterm infants was 217.6 +/- 244.2 mIU/mL and in term infants was 235.8 +/- 207.1 mIU/mL. Independent T test did not exhibit statistically significant difference in two groups of infants. The antibody response of preterm infants was similar to that of term newborns. Hepatitis B vaccination can be initiated on the first day of life in preterm newborns, following the same shame recommended for term newborns. However, anti HBS titers should be monitored in one year old. It may be advisable to determine the immune response before school age and repeat the vaccine if it is necessary