Increasing of probiotic and therapeutic action in karish cheese using tolue balsam extract

Enrichment of a probiotic Karish cheese culture with Tolue balsam [Myroxylon balsamum] extract [0.4%v/v] serves a dual purpose. Not only does it have therapeutic and carminative properties, but initiates growth of Bifidobacterium in Karish cheese. Marked increases in acetaldehyde content, total organic acids and viable counts of Bifidobacterium ssp. were detected. Furthermore, Bifidus-Karish cheese enhanced by Tolue balsam extract had higher sensory scores than conventional Karish and probiotic Karish cheese

Consequences of disproportionation of the surface aluminum atoms; mechanism of anodic passivity and reactivation in alkaline halide solutions

Galvanostatic anodic polarisation of aluminium is investigated at 30 in 0.05-0.5 M NaOH containing 0.002-1 M NaCl, NaBr and Nal. The mechanism of the active anodic dissolution of the metal is not influenced by the halide ions. At a given current density the metal is passivated, and the potential rises up to a critical value, at which the anode becomes once more active. During the reversal of the polarisation curve, hysterisis is observed. The results indicate that passivity is not due to an oxide film; hence, they are re-considered in the light of disproportionation of the surface atoms of aluminium. Anodic passivity is attributed to marked decrease of the surface concentration of the reacting Al species. Reactivation of the anode takes place at a given potential, as a result of activated adsorption of the halide ions, whereby the surface pattern becomes stabilised

Stoichiometric number and mechanism of anodic evolution of oxygen

The anodic evolution of oxygen is one of the extensively studied electrochemical reactions; and the literature contains a huge number of articles in this field. Various theories have been proposed to account for oxygen over potential and mechanism of oxygen evolution, but definite experimental proof is still lacking for the support of any one view. Probably no one mechanism can be given to include all types of electrodes and electrolytes. The results of all investigations denoted, however, Tafel relations with slopes of the order of 0.12 V [1]. This means that the first anodic reaction is the rate-determining step

Mechanism of anodic dissolution of lead in sodium hydroxide solutions

The potential of the lead anode was measured at a function of current density in 0.1 -1 ON NaOH solutions at 20 -50 degree. The over-potential is independent of pH in pure solutions as well as in solutions containing excess neutral salts. From the electron number [4], it was suggested that the surface lead atoms exist as diatomic molecules. A suboxide [Pb2O] is first formed, which undergoes self-oxidation to PbO. This latter step governs the overall reaction rate. The effect of temperature was also investigated. The exchange current is slightly affected with temperature