Investigation on optical properties in the surface of KCl[x]Br[1-x] mixed crystals irradiated to gamma radiation [a new approach]

Similar to the thermoluminescence [TL] spectra, the optical parameters variations can also be used in TL crystals for dosimetry purposes. These optical parameters can include absorption, transmission and reflection coefficients. Single crystals of KBr and KCl which have been used in this research were grown from laboratory grade extra pure precursor powders. Crystal growth was performed by using a Czochralski crystal growth apparatus. The grown crystals were irradiated using a [60]Co source to doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kGy. Reflection spectra were measured by a Shimatzu UVPC 3101 model spectrometer in 5 and 45 incident degree angles. Optical properties of KCl[x]Br[1-x] mixed crystals surfaces irradiated with gamma radiation were determined. Refraction indices and dielectric coefficients of the crystals in the optical region of 250-750 nm were studied. It was observed that both irradiated and non-irradiated mixed crystals had similar surface behaviour in the order of n = 1.4 and epsilon = 2.2 in the whole range of 250-750 nm, while colour intensities of irradiated samples were different for various irradiation doses. The reason could have been due to the permanent heat transfer effects with the outer surface layers of the crystal and the rapid relaxation of the excited states in defected surface of the crystal. Reflection spectra along with the crystal surface optical parameters could not be efficient for the dosimetry purposes and additional information such as absorption or transmission data would also be necessary

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the Islamic Republic of Iran

A national survey of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in the Islamic Republic of Iran was made on a r and om sample of families covered by local health centres affiliated to the medical universities. Out of 53,995 people aged 2+ years, from 12,495 families [0.1% of all families in 1999], 45,128 stool samples were analysed by formalin-ether precipitation. Intestinal parasitic infections were found in 19.3% of the study population [19.7% male, 19.1% female]. Giardia lamblia [10.9%], Ascaris lumbricoides [1.5%], Entamoeba histolytica [1.0%] and Enterobius vermicularis [0.5%] were the most common infections. The infection rate was highest in the 2-14 years age group [25.5%] and in rural residents [23.7%]

[ epidemiological study of psychological disorders in chaharmohal and bakhtiari province, 2001]

The objective of this survey was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders among over 18 years old individuals in the urban and rural areas of Chaharmohal and Bakhtiari province. The sample consisted of 305 persons selected by randomized clustered and systematic sampling methods from the families of Chaharmohal and Bakhtiari province. For each person the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaire was completed by a clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province was 16.42%. It was 20% among women and 13.14% among men. The anxiety and neuro-cognitive disorders with 9.52% and 3.28% respectively were the most prevalent in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 0.33%, mood disorders 2.63% and dissociative disorders 0.66%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 2.30% and in the group of anxiety disorders, phobic disorder with 2.62% had the highest prevalence. We found that 10.49% of the individuals suffered from at least one psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the age group of 56-65 with 30%, individuals whose spouses had passed away with 25%, urban residents with 15.53%, illiterates with 12.66% and unemployed persons with 21.74% were more than other groups. These findings emphasize the responsibility of the health policy makers for prevention, treatment and medical education for mental health

epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in Qazvin province [2001]

Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people requires a comprehensive understanding of the present status of psychiatric disorders in the society. To carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders among the individuals within the age group of 18 years and above in urban and rural areas of Qazvin. This study was a cross-sectional survey in the year 2001. 354 individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods from among the existing families of Qazvin province. The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia [SADS] questionnaires were completed by a clinical psychologist. The diagnosis of the disorders was based on DSM-IV classification criteria. The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province is 31.61% with a value of 42.23% for women and 20.66% for men. The anxiety and mood disorders with 20.89 and 4.80% respectively, showed a higher prevalence in the province. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 1.12%, neuro-cognitive disorders 2.54% and dissociative disorders 2.26%. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 2.82% and in the group of anxiety disorders, phobia with 8.19% showed a higher prevalence. The findings make the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers, in the fields of prevention, treatment and medical education more than before in relation to preparing both executive and practical plans in Qazvin province for mental health

Mental health in the Islamic Republic of Iran: achievements and areas of need

The development of mental health in the Islamic Republic of Iran is described with particular reference to the integration mental health into the primary health care system. The achievements made so far are outlined and the areas of need discussed