Prevalence of nosocomial urinary tract infection in PICU of referral children hospital in Iran

To determine the prevalence of the occurrence, risk factors and microbiology for acquiring UTIs in the PICU of one of the main referral children hospital in Iran. A surveillance study was conducted among all children admitted to PICU in the Mofid children hospital in Tehran between July 2007 and July 2008. During the one year, 428 patients were admitted to PICU for 48 hours or more and a total of 31 [7.2%] acquired UTIs, yielding an overall incidence density, of 11 per 1000 PICU days. One bacteremic [4.3%] ICU-acquired UTIs occurred. Mean hospital staying in UTI patients was 22 days comparing with 7 days in other patients [P value<0.001] but mortality rate difference was not significant [P value=0.2]. The most common organisms isolated were Escherichia coli [30.4%], Kelebsiellapneumoniae[30.4%] and Candida a/b/cans[21.7%]. Monitoring of a PICU-acquired UTI is important in critically ill patients. The results of this study offer a reliable measure of the prevalence of nosocomial UTIs at hospitals in Iran and provide a baseline for future studies

Report of two brain cancer cases with survey more than 15 years

Brain tumors are considered in regarded to their size, position and aggressive manner. Brain tumors cause several neurologic symptoms. For instance, they increase intracranial pressure due to local damage and displacement of surrounding tissues. In this paper, two glioblastoma multiform cases with more than 15 year- survival have been reported. The first patient was a 52 year- old woman who suffered from seizure. The CT scan demonstrated a focal low density in the left temporoparietal lobe, and Carbamazepine was prescribed. However, after 12 years, the patient started to suffer from seizures with transient awareness repletion and vomiting. Therefore, daily injection of 16 mg of dexamethason in two divided dosages was prescribed. Fourteen years after illness, biopsy with stereotaxy method was used and glioblastoma multiform was diagnosed by a pathologist. Unfortunately, this patient died due to progression of her illness 16 years after beginning of the seizures. The second patient was a 47 year- old man who also suffered from seizure. In the CT scan, a low density lesion was observed in his left parietal lobe. The patient was treated with 400 mg of Carbamazepine per day in two divided dosages. Dosage of drug was increased to 1200 mg per day. After one year, due to drug resistance, Phenytoin and Phenobarbital were also added to Carbamazepine because of repeated seizures. After 15 years, the soberness disorder of the patient increased and CT scan was repeated. However, due to increase in the tumor size, hydrocephaly surgery was performed and the pathologist reported glioblastoma multiform. Following the surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were also used. This patient is in a good condition now and he has no serious problems. Glioblastoma multiform is a high degree astrocytic tumor. In this paper, two patients who were afflicted with glioblastoma multiform in fourth and fifth decades of their life were presented. The life span of these patients is considerable in contrast to several articles which indicated that a- five -year life span is rare in patients with glioblastoma multiform