ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Human health largely depends on health-related physical fitness status, particularly overweight and under weight. In this regard, the adolescence is a unique life span. However, the information about adolescent's physical fitness is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was the investigation of health-related physical fitness elements with an emphasis on overweight and underweight in male adolescents in Sabzevar, Iran
Materials and methods: In the cross sectional descriptive and analytical study, the study population consisted of schoolboy students with the age of 12-14 years old in Sabzevar, Iran. Based on sample size calculation formula, a number of 368 schoolboys of 12-14 years-old were selected based on randomized cluster sampling. After medical examinations and filling out the written informed consent forms, anthropometric factors and physical fitness were assessed [height, weight, aerobic fitness with 20- meter shuttle run, strength via dynamometer, explosive power via Sergeant jump, flexibility via flexibility box, agility via Illinois test, and body Composition via skin-fold fat caliper and subcutaneous fat thickness. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 11.5 using central tendency, dispersion and Pearson Correlation coefficient [P<0.05]
Results: The results of the study, based on BMI, indicated that 17.7% were thin, 69.2% normal, 9.2% overweight and 3.7% were obese. Also, based on WHR, 11.1% were at a high risk, and 5.7% were very high-risk cases. Based on the fat percentage, 13.9% had much fat and 13# very high fat. Mean VO2max of the 12-14-year-old schoolboys in Sabzevar was obtained to be 50.6 [ml/kg/min], which indicates that 10% of the boys had aerobic fitness lower than the average in comparison with reference values
Conclusion: The study findings showed that considerable percentage of Sabzevar adolescents suffer from overweight on the one hand and underweight on the other. Physical fitness status in some factors is not desirable too
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Leptin is one of the most important proteins involved in lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis but the effect of acute exercise on leptin has been less investigated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a one-session exercise on tissue concentration and gene expression of leptin in rats
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were housed in a standard environment, and were randomly divided into two groups [Control and Experimental]. The exercise was running on a treadmill for 120 min [18 m/min]. Immediately, 2 and 24 hours after exercise the rats anesthetized, blood, fat tissue and soleus were taken. Leptin concentration in the muscular, fat and blood were measured. Also, leptin gene expression was investigated with RT-PCR in tissues. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measures ANOVA [P<0.05]
Results: The results showed that leptin gene expression significantly increased in muscles 2 hours [[51%] from 169/15 +/- 10/36 to 349/13 +/- 112/71] and 24 hours [[48%] from 185/14 +/- 8/21 to 359/01 +/- 14/77], and in adipose tissue 24 hours [[49%] from 181/69 +/- 21/42 to 361/66] [P<0.05]. However, leptin concentration did not change neither in adipose tissue nor in muscle nor plasma [P>0.05]. Also, there was no significant differences in plasma leptin, glucose and insulin between the two groups across the three times of mesurement [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Acute exercise can increase leptin gene expression in muscle and fat tissues. However, exercise with longer duration and higher volume may appear to be more effective
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Obesity is associated with various metabolic and inflammatory impairments, the effects of which have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an 8-week strength training and aerobic training program and a 10-day detraining on lipid profile and CRP in obese girls
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, thirty-six obese female university students were voluntarily recruited and randomly assigned into three groups: control [n=11], aerobic training or AT [n=12] and strength training or ST [n=13]. ST and AT groups trained for 8 weeks, 4 times/week, 60 min/session, with 60 to 70% of 1 repetition maximum for ST, and 65 to 75% of HRmax for AT. Blood samples were taken at baseline, 24 hours after the last exercise session and after 10 days of detraining on fasting state. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using repeated measure analysis of variance [RM-ANOVA]. The alpha level was established at P<0.05
Results: After an 8-week training program, TG decreased in AT and ST groups [4.2 % and 6.6 %, respectively] but the change was not significant [P>0.05] Also, no significant differences were found between the three groups [P>0.05]. TC also decreased in AT and ST groups [9% and 19%, respectively]; however, the change was not significant [P>0.05]. After training no significant changes in HDL, HDL2, HDL3, LDL, and CRP were observed [P>0.05]. Ten days of detraining also did not result in any significant alterations in the lipid profile or CRP [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Eight weeks of aerobic and strength training have no significant effect on the lipid profile and CRP in obese girls
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Appetite is one of the factors affecting the energy intake equation and has different control and regulatory levels. One of the probable factors affecting it is physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of moderate and heavy resistance exercise on appetite, glucose, glycerol and lactate of the serum in healthy men
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study, out of the university employees, 13 male volunteers were recruited for the study by their own written informed consent, and were assigned into three modes of control, moderate resistance exercise [with intensity of 70% of 1RM] and heavy resistance exercise [with intensity of 80% of 1RM] groups. The process consisted of 8 different movements arranged in 3 sets with 10 repetitions within 90 minutes. The participants' appetite parameter was recorded by appetite questionnaire before collecting blood samples. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS 13 at a significance level of P<0/05
Results: After correcting the results of plasma volume, no significant changes were observed in the appetite, glycerol and glucose of the serum As caused by moderate and heavy resistance exercise. Appetite decreased immediately after the exercise protocol by 33%, but increased 3 hours after the exercise by 12%, and finally decreased 9-hours after exercise by 26% compared to pre-exercise levels [P<0.05]
Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that a one-session moderate and heavy resistance exercise has no significant effect on the appetite if food deprivation and significant negative energy balance do not exist