Pharmacognostic studies on leaflets of soymida febrifuga adr. juss. family: meliaceac

Soymida febrifuga Adr. Juss. belonging to family Meliaceae, is lofty deciduous tree, found on dry stony hills and on laterite soil. The leaflets were collected from Rahuri [Ahemadnagar Dist., Maharastra]. The leaflets were studied for macroscopy, microscopy, powder characteristics, loss on drying and ash values. Microscopic studies revealed dorsiventral character of leaflets. Differentiable features like absence of stomata in upper lamina, presence of more amount of cluster type calcium oxalate crystals and presence of cicatrix were observed. Cicatrix is very rare character which can serve as identifying character. Acid soluble ash value obtained was high because of these abundant calcium oxalate crystals. Successive extractive values were determined using petroleum ether [60.80°C], chloroform and methanol. Methanolic extractive value was 26.459% w/w which is quite high. Preliminary chemical screening of extracts showed that petroleum ether extract contains sterols and triterpene type compounds while methanolic extract contains sugars, tannins, flavonols and glycosides. TLC of petroleum ether extract in benzene shows maximum 7 spots while methanolic extract in Ethyl acetate: Ethyl methyl ketone: Formic acid: water [5:3:1:1] shows maximum 6 spots

Quantitative estimation of betasitosterol, lupeol, quercetin and quercetin glycosides from leaflets of Soymida febrifuga using HPTLC technique

Soymida febrifuga [Meliaceae] dried leaflets [10 gm] were extracted with petroleum ether. Unsaponifiable matter quantitatively used for sample preparation, labeled as SF-U. Another 10 gm leaflet powder was extracted with methanol and quantitatively used for sample preparation labeled as SF-A. Sample and standard solution were dosage on three different plates and developed in its respective mobile phase plates were scanned using TLC scanner III and estimated using integration software CATs 4.05. Calculations for percentage were done considering standard and sample Rf, AUC and dilution factor. Estimation of b Sitosterol, Lupeol, Quercetin, Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, Quercetin-3-O-xyloside and Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were determined as 0.02146% w/w, 0.0377% w/w, 0.4079% w/w, 0.6197% w/w, 2.974% w/w and 3.235% w/w respectively with the help of HPLC techniques

Isolation and characterization of lupeol and beta-sitosterol from leaves of kigelia pinnata [bignoniaceae]

Triterpene and sterol components were isolated from unsaponifiable matter of petroleum ether extract of Kigelia pinnata leaves [family: Bignoniaceae] by column chromatography and were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. These were identified as Lupeol and beta-sitosterol. These two components were first time reported from the leaf of this plant

Suppression of adjuvant-induced arthritis by prophylactic administration of exogenous nitric oxide donor in rats

Nitric Oxide [NO] can autoregulate its own formation by feedback inhibition of the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase [iNOS]. Modulation of biosynthesis or activity of NO results in amelioration of pathogenesis of experimental arthritis. However, little is known about feedback mechanism on NO generation in response to adjuvant-induced arthritis. In the present study we have examined the effects of both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of isosorbide-5-mononitrate [5-IMN] on the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis to assess influence of high NO level in the form of exogenous NO donor in the progress of inflammation. Arthritis was assessed by measuring primary and secondary paw swelling and changes in thymus, spleen and body weight. Increased swelling of the non-injected paw [secondary paw] measured on days 14 and 21, injected paw swelling [primary paw] measured on days 3, 14 and 21, spleenomegaly, thymic involutions and loss in body wt. which are features of adjuvant-induced arthritis were effectively reduced after prophylactic administration of 5-IMN [5.4 mg/kg[-1], twice daily, p.o.]. However, therapeutic administration of 5-IMN [5.4 mg/kg[-1], twice daily, p.o.] from day 12 till day 16 had no effect on parameters measured in adjuvant-induced arthritis. These data suggest that high NO level in the form of NO donor compound may suppress initial stages of immune response to adjuvant injection probably by inhibiting iNOS expression through feedback inhibition mechanism. However, further studies are required to unravel the mechanism involved in these effects of NO donor and their clinical implications

Studies on achras sapota bark

One major sterol was isolated from petroleum ether extract of Achras sapota bark using column chromatography and characterized by FTIR, NMR and MS instrumental analysis, which was identified as beta-sitosterol. Antipyretic activity of various extracts of A. sapota bark was determined using Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia method. Methanolic extract showed significant antipyretic activity

Isolation and characterization of lupeol and p-sitosterol from leaves of kigelia pinnata [bignoniaceae]

Triterpene and sterol components were isolated from unsaponifiable matter of petroleum ether extract of Kigelia pinnata leaves, N.O. family Bignoniaceae by column chromatography and were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. These were identified as Lupeol and beta-sitosterol These two components were first time reported from the leaf of this plant

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of anacardium occidentale root extracts

The extracts of the dried root of Anacardium occidental were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using formalin induced rat hind paw oedema model. The petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water soluble extracts showed, respectively, 56%, 43.84%, 56.14%, and 66.66% inhibition of paw oedema. Water soluble extracts exhibited better activity than petroleum ether, chloroform and ethanol extracts. Analgesic activity was compared with analgin using tail flick method. Chloroform extract displayed better analgesic activity than petroleum ether, ethanol and water soluble extracts