Barriers in controlling glycemic ondition of children suffering from type 1 diabetes

Children with type 1 diabetes have many barriers that prevent them from controlling their blood glucose level. Aim of this study was assess barriers in glycemic control of children suffering from type 1 diabetes. A descriptive design was used for the conduction of the study. The sample of the study consisted of 300 children with type 1 diabetes, their ages ranges from <1 to <18 years, 67.7% of them were males and 32.3% females. A questionnaire sheet was designed by the researcher to collect the demographic characteristics and knowledge about diabetes among study sample in addition to observational check lists to evaluate, the actual practice of the diabetic children regarding insulin preparation and injection, urine and blood testing for glucose and urine testing for ketones. Results and conclusion of the study revealed that barriers of glycemic control include children's characteristics [66.7%], childrens knowledge about diabetes and glycemic control [67.7%], health care facility [53.3%], duration of illness [54.3%] and poor self care practices [68.7%]. There is a relation between the children educational level and barriers of glycemic control and also there is a highly statistical significance difference between barriers of glycemic control and their glycemic condition. The study recommends continuous educational programs which are vital for diabetic children and their care givers to maintain their glycemic control and consequently helping them to identify and manage its barriers

Causes postmenopausal bleeding in our population

To evaluate common causes of postmenopausal bleeding in our population. Observational Analytical study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology unit II Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore from June 2000 to May 2002. Hysteroscopically directed endometrial biopsies were taken from 100 cases of postmenopausal bleeding and were sent for histopathology. The data was collected with the help of Performa which was filled for every patient. In our part of world, Atrophic Endometrium is the commonest cause of Postmenopausal Bleeding [PMB]. Next common being Endometrial Hyperplasias. Out of malignant causes, Carcinoma Cervix is the commonest. Postmenopausal bleeding [PMB] should be taken seriously; no matter how less the bleeding is and malignant causes should be ruled out