[ rare case of pulmonary TB patient with more than seven cutaneous leishmaniasis active lesions]

T.B [Tuberculosis] is one of the oldest diseases and it has been considered as one of the causes of human mortality and morbidity. Some of TB patients simultaneously are involved with other co morbidities such as leishmaniasis, and it slows down the treatment procedures of the secondary disease. This study was about a TB patient with more than seven leishmaniasis active lesions in her ferent organs. The patient was a 73 years old female residing and from Moshk-Abad village from the central county of the Qom province who referred to Qomrood health care center for treatment for the first time. We became suspicious to TB because of the poor healing of the leishmaniasis lesions and also positive history of cough for more than two weeks and severe cachexia. The sputum samples were obtained and sent to the laboratory, and all the three samples were positive for AFB [acid-fast bacillus] and besides meglomin antimonite, DOTS [Directly Observed Treatment Short course] was started for the patient. Based on findings of this study, in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis which are drug resistant or failure to treatment, according to their clinical symptoms, other diseases that weaken the immune system such as tuberculosis should be considered

[Comparison of therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of topical triamcinolon with placebo in the treatment of paederus dermatitis in guinea pig]

Dermatitis caused by paederous insect is considered a public health problem in many parts of the northern, and some of the southern areas of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical triamcinolone on the treatment of linear dermatitis in animal model. 20 male guinea pigs [Cavia porcellus] were divided into treatment and control groups [N=10]. Animals had free access to food and water and were kept at 25§C and 50% humidity. Paederus beetles caught from the city of Neka, transferred to the School of Public Health in Tehran. Guinea pigs developed linear dermatitis on contact with peaderus beetles. Triamcinolone ointment [0.1%] was applied on the skin of the pigs for 14 days after shaving their hair. The recovery rate was assessed on the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, eleventh and fourteenth days after drug administration in the treatment and control groups. The control group used placebo without alcohol base. The mean weight of the guinea pigs was 700 +/- 10 gr. At the end of the ninth day all the guinea pigs in the treatment group improved while 10% of the guinea pigs in the control group showed improvement [P>0.05]. There were no serious medical complications during and one month after the treatment course. This study showed that triamcinolone had significant beneficial effects on the treatment of linear paederus dermatitis in animal models and it can be considered as an effective drug for the treatment of this dermatitis in human models in the future studies

[Ecological study of culex pipiens, the dominant species of culicidae mosquitoes and its control solutions in Yazd province]

Culex pipiens is extremely active in blood feeding in the urban areas. The role of this species in causing annoyance to the people, in addition to transmission of fillers, and viruses has increased their importance. Building of towns without proper principles of health and improvement of sewage systems is considered as the essential factor for producing larval habitat. The present study was carried out for ecological identification of Culex pipiens as the most prevalent mosquito and planning control programs. In this experimental study were selected two cities that had the highest problem of mosquitoes. Suitable shelters were selected for sampling after survey on resting sites and larval breeding places of mosquitoes. Sampling carried out eleven times from May to December in 2009. Different sampling methods carried out such as larval collection, pyrethrum space spray collection, hand collection, light trap, and collection of mosquitoes from pit shelters. In this study, the samples were of three genera Anopheles, Culex and Culiseta and five species of mosquitoes. Totally, 19054 mosquito larvae were caught from different breeding places. Cx. pipiens was predominant and consisted of 82.2% of the larvae. From 523 adult mosquitoes, 118 were collected by pyrethrum space spray collection. Cx. Pipiens with a 90% frequency was the most abundant mosquito, and Cx. sinaiticus was reported for the first time from Yazd Province. Culex pipiens was the predominant species and its seasonal peak activity was from late June to early July. Comparison of abdominal physiological states of the species caught by pyrethrum space spray collection with pit shelter collection showed the exophilic behavior of this species

High performance thin layer chromatography analysis of deltamethrin residue on the impregnated bed nets during a leishmaniasis control program in Iran

The control of leishmaniasis, a tropical neglected disease, has been concern of Iranian health authorities due to the increasing number of cases during the last two decades. The objective of this study was to determine deltamethrine residue on the impregnated bed nets using HPTLC technique in a leishmaniasis control program in Iran. During this experimental study, a total of 130 small pieces of polyester netting were sewn to top, upper, and lower sides of some bed nets and then were impregnated with deltamethrin .The treated bed nets were distributed in Isfahan and Mashhad areas in April 2003. The samples were cut randomly after impregnation intervals. Deltamethrin was extracted using acetone from samples and the extract was applied for spotting onto plates. The plates were developed with n-hexane: ethyl acetate, 90+10[v/v], as a mobile phase in a Camage chamber. The qualifying of residue was observed in UV cabinet with lambda =254 nm wavelength. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. and Stata Version 8. A three way ANOVA was used to compare the means of deltamethrin residue in each area, group and measuring time. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the means of residue for each of these factors with the control separately. The retardation factor of deltamethrin was calculated 0.50 +/- 0.02. The residues of deltamethrin persisted well on impregnated nets at least for 15 weeks after impregnation. No significant difference could be detected in the loss of residue of insecticide in comparison to measuring times and positions of sampling pieces on the bed nets in these areas. Based on the results of the present study the use of HPTLC technique is recommended instead of other chromatographic methods for analysis of insecticide residue on the impregnated bed nets

Culicinae [diptera: culicidae] mosquitoes in Chabahar county, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Southeastern Iran

Mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health threat in Iran. The objective of this study was to determine the fauna of culicinae mosquitoes for future mosquito control programs. Three genera and eleven species of the subfamily Culicinae [Diptera: Culicidae] were collected by dipping technique and identified in Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran, during January, February, and March 2007. The collected species included: Aedes vexans [new occurrence record for the province], Culex arbieeni, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. deserticola, Cx. hortensis, Cx. perexiguus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. pusillus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. sinaiticus, Cx. theileri, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Culiseta longiareolata, Ochlerotatus caballus, Oc. caspius, and Uranotaenia unguiculata. Our observations indicate that, in South of Iran hot and wet climatic conditions support the persistence of culicinae mosquitoes. As our study, regular monitoring of culicinae mosquitoes in this area could be the most useful for mosquito control and mosquito-borne disease prevention

Deltamethrin impregnated bed nets in a malaria control program in Chabahar, southeast Baluchistan, I.R. Iran

A field trial was carried out in the Chabahar District of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran on the efficacy of mosquito nets treated with a suspension formulation of deltamethrin [K-O THRIN[R]] against malaria vectors. Treated nets were used in three villages, and in the two control villages, one used untreated nets and the other used indoor spraying with deltamethrin [WP 10%], without nets. Treatment of polyester mosquito net with a target dose of 25 mg/m[2] active ingredient, carried out in mid-April 2005. Bioassays repeated on domestically used nets over 7 months showed persistence of almost 100% mortality of Anopheles Stephensi over this period. Adult mosquitoes were collected by pyrethroid space spray catch of living quarters and stables, cattle bait and pit shelter catches. Overall, An. culicifacies Giles s.l. predominated [49.8%], followed by An. stephensi Liston s.l.[36.9%], An. pulcherrimus Theobald [7.3%], An. dthali Patton [5.7%] and An. fluviatilis James [0.3%]. Acknowledge, Attitude and Practice [KAP] study showed that about 97% of respondents in communities agreed that they would like to participate in malaria control activities such as personal protection using impregnation bed net. Therefore, in planning for future large scale trials, comparison of new compounds and formulations such as tablets and long lasting insecticides impregnated bed net is recommended