ABSTRACT
Today, it has been revealed that some plants have active components with acaricidal properties, which they can be used as a promising alternative for the control of ticks and others arthropods. The main aim of this work was the evaluation of the effect of Consolida orientalis and Adonis vernalis extracts on eggs and larval stage of Rhipicephalus bursa and Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. To determining the efficacy of plant extracts on eggs and larval stage of ticks, dipping method was used. Two extract suspensions with different concentrations [100%, 10% and 1%] were used. The number of hatched larvae was considered as a hatchability criterion and the immobility of larvae was considered as larval death. The plant extracts used in this study showed considerable acaricidal effects on treatment groups in comparison with control group [p < 0.05%]. The egg hatchability rate of R. bursa exposed to the highest concentrations of C. orientalis and A. vernalis extracts were 30% and 34% respectively, while the egg hatchability rate of H. anatolicum anatolicum exposed to the same concentrations of extracts was zero. The effects of different concentrations of extracts on larval stage of ticks were dose and time dependent. In light of LC[50] in different days, the anti-tick effect of C. orientalis extract on eggs and larval stage was higher than A. vernalis. The results indicated that the resistance of R. bursa to the extracts was more than H. anatolicum anatolicum
Subject(s)
Insecta , Ranunculaceae , Adonis , Larva , Rhipicephalus , Plants, Medicinal , ArthropodsABSTRACT
Development of new natural agents for parasitic diseases treatment has unexpectedly increased to overcome effectively against emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases, the appearance of drug resistant organisms and toxic side effects of current agents. The aim of the study was to evaluate antiprotozoal activities of chitosan biomolecule on trophozoites of Trichomonas gallinae. The antitrichomonal activity of various low molecular weight chitosan concentrations including 125, 250, 500 and 1250 micro g ml[-1] against T. gallinae trophozoites cultured in trypticaseyeast extract-maltose medium supplemented with heat-inactivated cold horse serum was evaluated in vitro. Samples containing medium without chitosan were also assayed as controls. The mortality rates at 0, 3 and 6 h post treatment with all concentrations were significantly different from control group [P<0.05]. Treated trophozoites showed more susceptibility to the highest concentration reaching mortality rate of 100% at 3h post inoculation. However, at this time, results for 125, 250 and 500 micro g ml[-1] were 93%, 95% and 96.7%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the application of chitosan biomolecule is a promising option for treatment of trichomoniasis in pigeons