[Assessment of the reliability and validity of the Farsi translation of the [orthognathic quality of life questionnaire] in 10-14 year-olds in Shiraz]

The Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire [OQLQ] was designed by Cunningham in 2001 to assess the quality of life of patients in relation to orthodontic treatments. This study sought to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Farsi version of OQLQ in 10-14 year-olds in Shiraz This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 240 students in the age range of 10-14 years that were randomly selected from the 4 educational districts in shiraz. One elementary and one middle school were selected from each district. The OQLQ questionnaire contains two sections. The first section asks for demographic information of patients and the second part contains 22 questions regarding the quality of life in relation to dental status. This questionnaire was translated to Farsi using the standard forward-backward translation method. The standardized Cronbach's alpha, alpha if item deleted, item-total correlation and inter-item coefficients were used for the assessment of the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. For the calculation of test-retest validity, 30 students filled out the questionnaire again 2 weeks after the first session. Mann Whitney U and Chi square tests were used to assess the correlation between the different aspects of the quality of life in the questionnaire and willingness to take the treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software. The internal consistency analysis of the OQLQ indicated a good correlation between questions and domains of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha in this study was 0.86. For the calculation of test-retest reliability of the questionnaire, weighted kappa was found to be 0.91. Mann Whitney U and Chi square tests found significant differences between willingness for orthodontic treatment and dentofacial esthetics [part 2, P=0.008] and knowledge about dentofacial esthetics [part 4, P=0.018]. Farsi translation of OQLQ is a suitable tool for the assessment of the effect of dentofacial problems on thequality of life of orthognathic patients in an Iranian population

[Evaluation of orthodontic treatment needs in 14-18 year- old students in Shiraz]

Iran has one of the highest numbers of young people in the world; therefore, epidemiologic studies of dento-skeletal malformations in adolescents and young adults are important from population health viewpoints. The purpose of the study was to assess the needs for orthodontic treatment according to Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs [IOTN] in 14-18 year old students in the city of Shiraz. 1818 students were selected from four districts of education in Shiraz using random cluster sampling. The dental health [DHC] and aesthetic [AC] components of the IOTN were used as an assessment measure of for orthodontic treatment needs. Also, demographic characteristics of the participants were recorded using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the student and Chi-squared tests. 60% of the students had no need for orthodontic treatment, 28.4% were in borderline category, and 11.7% showed definite needs for treatment. Also, there was a statistically significant association between malocclusion severity and sex or fathers job or education. 14-18 year old students in Shiraz had better dental appearances and did need less orthodontic treatment than in other populations

effect of Cyclosporine A on the orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Immunosuppressive drugs have special effects on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. This study aimed at investigating the effect of oral Cyclosporin A, an immunosuppressive drug, on the orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighting 220-280 gm, were used. The animals were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups, each one containing 40 rats. Each group included four subgroups, each of 10 rats. Four groups of rats were selected for the assessment of the effect of olive oil and stripping stress of the lower incisors for a period of 15 and 30 days. The two experimental sub-groups received 10 mg/kg Cyclosporine A by gastric gavages every 24 hours for 15 and 30 days. The other two experimental sub-groups received 30 mg/kg cyclosporine-A by gastric gavages every 24 hours for 15 and 30 days. A fixed orthodontic appliance consisting of nickel - titanium closed coil spring, was ligated between the maxillary right incisor and the first molar. The initial activating force was 60 gm. One way Analysis of Variance and Tukey were used for comparing tooth movement between the two groups and eight sub-groups. The results showed that oral Cyclosporine A [30 mg/kg/30 day] could accelerate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rat [0.635 +/- 0.22 mm] [P<0.05]. Also, its administration period was more effective than the dose itself. Olive oil and stripping stress could not increase the rate of tooth movement. Due to the findings of this study and predominant effect of Cyclosporine A on orthodontic tooth movement in rats, the patients using Cyclosporine A may have the chance of more tooth movement. Further studies are requested for evaluating the effect of Cyclosporine A on increasing tooth movement in accordance with its dose and duration